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In this paper, we study the algorithmic complexity of the Mastermind game, where results are single-color black pegs. This differs from the usual dual-color version of the game, but better corresponds to applications in genetics. We show…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-05-13 Michael T. Goodrich

We study the problem of synthesizing implementations from temporal logic specifications that need to work correctly in all environments that can be represented as transducers with a limited number of states. This problem was originally…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Dhananjay Raju , Rüdiger Ehlers , Ufuk Topcu

Combinatorial games lead to several interesting, clean problems in algorithms and complexity theory, many of which remain open. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the area to encourage further research. In particular, we…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-09-25 Erik D. Demaine , Robert A. Hearn

We solve the problem of automatically computing a new class of environment assumptions in two-player turn-based finite graph games which characterize an ``adequate cooperation'' needed from the environment to allow the system player to win.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Ashwani Anand , Kaushik Mallik , Satya Prakash Nayak , Anne-Kathrin Schmuck

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable proficiency in language understanding and have been successfully applied to a variety of real-world tasks through task-specific fine-tuning or prompt engineering. Despite these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Yinghao Li , Haorui Wang , Chao Zhang

In this paper, we show that the problem of determining whether one player can force a win in a multiplayer version of the children's card game War is PSPACE-hard. The same reduction shows that a related problem, asking whether a player can…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-03-11 Jonathan Weed

We study multi-strategies in multiplayer reachability games played on finite graphs. A multi-strategy prescribes a set of possible actions, instead of a single action as usual strategies: it represents a set of all strategies that are…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Aline Goeminne , Benjamin Monmege

Game design hinges on understanding how static rules and content translate into dynamic player behavior - something modern generative systems that inspect only a game's code or assets struggle to capture. We present an automated design…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Alex Zook , Josef Spjut , Jonathan Tremblay

Anticipating emerging attack methodologies is crucial for proactive cybersecurity. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled the automated generation of phishing messages and accelerated research into potential attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Seiji Sato , Tetsushi Ohki , Masakatsu Nishigaki

Leadership games provide a powerful paradigm to model many real-world settings. Most literature focuses on games with a single follower who acts optimistically, breaking ties in favour of the leader. Unfortunately, for real-world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-08-01 Giuseppe De Nittis , Alberto Marchesi , Nicola Gatti

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great success as high-level planners for zero-shot game-playing agents. However, these agents are primarily evaluated on Minecraft, where long-term planning is relatively straightforward. In contrast,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Dominik Jeurissen , Diego Perez-Liebana , Jeremy Gow , Duygu Cakmak , James Kwan

A special sorting operation called Context Directed Swap, and denoted \textbf{cds}, performs certain types of block interchanges on permutations. When a permutation is sortable by \textbf{cds}, then \textbf{cds} sorts it using the fewest…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-11-03 G. Brown , A. Mitchell , R. Raghavan , J. Rogge , M. Scheepers

We introduce LLM CHESS, an evaluation framework designed to probe the generalization of reasoning and instruction-following abilities in large language models (LLMs) through extended agentic interaction in the domain of chess. We rank over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Sai Kolasani , Maxim Saplin , Nicholas Crispino , Kyle Montgomery , Jared Quincy Davis , Matei Zaharia , Chi Wang , Chenguang Wang

We study a general class of dynamic games with asymmetric information where agents' beliefs are strategy dependent, i.e. signaling occurs. We show that the notion of sufficient information, introduced in the companion paper team, can be…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2018-12-05 Hamidreza Tavafoghi , Yi Ouyang , Demosthenis Teneketzis

Hive is an abstract strategy game played on a table with hexagonal pieces. First published in 2001, it was and continues to be highly popular among both casual and competitive players. In this paper, we show that for a suitably generalized…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Daniël Andel , Benjamin Rin

The Internet has enabled the emergence of collective problem solving, also known as crowdsourcing, as a viable option for solving complex tasks. However, the openness of crowdsourcing presents a challenge because solutions obtained by it…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-01-20 Koji Oishi , Manuel Cebrian , Andres Abeliuk , Naoki Masuda

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) integrate cyber and physical components and enable them to interact with each other to meet user needs. The needs for CPSs span rich application domains such as healthcare and medicine, smart home, smart…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Dongming Jin , Shengxin Zhao , Zhi Jin , Xiaohong Chen , Chunhui Wang , Zheng Fang , Hongbin Xiao

Graph Pebbling is a well-studied single-player game on graphs. We introduce the game of Blocking Pebbles which adapts Graph Pebbling into a two-player strategy game in order to examine it within the context of Combinatorial Game Theory.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-12-18 Michael Fisher , Craig Tennenhouse

We study the optimization problem faced by a perfectly informed principal in a Bayesian game, who reveals information to the players about the state of nature to obtain a desirable equilibrium. This signaling problem is the natural design…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-01 Umang Bhaskar , Yu Cheng , Young Kun Ko , Chaitanya Swamy

We present PEAM, a Parametric Embodied Agent Memory framework in Minecraft that transforms agent memory from inference-time retrieval into parameter-resident skills internalized through experience. PEAM pairs a slow deliberative LLM for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yuchen Guo , Junli Gong , Hongmin Cai , Yiu-ming Cheung , Weifeng Su