Related papers: Quantization of the free electromagnetic field imp…
A first quantized free photon is a complex massless vector field $A=(A^\mu)$ whose field strength satisfies Maxwell's equations in vacuum. We construct the Hilbert space $\mathscr{H}$ of the photon by endowing the vector space of the fields…
We develop a gauge theory of the combined gravitational-electromagnetic field by expanding the Poincar\'e group to include clock synchronization transformations. We show that the electromagnetic field can be interpreted as a local gauge…
We study effective models describing systems of quantum particles interacting with quantized (electromagnetic) fields in the quasi-classical regime, i.e., when the field's state shows a large average number of excitations. Once the field's…
The energy levels of quantum systems are determined by quantization conditions. For one-dimensional anharmonic oscillators, one can transform the Schrodinger equation into a Riccati form, i.e., in terms of the logarithmic derivative of the…
The energy spectrum of a nonrelativistic particle on a noncommutative sphere in the presence of a magnetic monopole field is calculated. The system is treated in the field theory language, in which the one-particle sector of a charged…
The representations of position and momentum operators of a planar phase space having both position and momentum noncommutativity are obtained. Using these representations the dynamics of a particle in a gravitational quantum well is…
The coherence properties of the classical waves are discussed in terms of the Cauchy problem for the wave equation, and of a discrete representation by an ensemble of Hamiltonian systems. Wave quanta are related to specific "action fields",…
A single electromagnetic plane-wave propagating in free space possesses neither spin nor orbital angular momentum. Both types of angular momentum arise from interference between pairs of plane-waves having the same temporal frequency…
The commutation relations for bosons are field independent, and can be reliably inferred from the definition of creation and annihilation operators. Here, the commutation relations are assumed known, and the quantum electrodynamics…
The fractional operators together with exponential quantum in coordinate and momentum space corresponding to the power of observables are introduced. Based on an exponential relation between energy and momentum, the fractional Schr\"odinger…
Gauge-independent Husimi function ($Q-$function) of states of charged quantum particles in the electro-magnetic field is introduced using the gauge-independent Stratonovich-Wigner function, the corresponding dequantizer and quantizer…
We develop some ideas about gauge symmetry in the context of Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism in the Hamiltonian formalism. One great benefit of this formalism is that it pairs momentum and configurational degrees of freedom, so that a…
The Schr\"odinger equation for an electron under the influence of an electromagnetic field is analyzed based on the conserved operators of the system when the magnetic field is described by Landau's gauge. It is shown that the Lorentz force…
Inspired by the recent work of Filho et al., a Hermitian momentum operator is introduced in a general curved space with diagonal metric. The modified Hamiltonian associated with this new momentum is calculated and discussed. Furthermore,…
Defining the generalized charge, potential, current and generalized fields as complex quantities where real and imaginary parts represent gravitation and electromagnetism respectively, corresponding field equation, equation of motion and…
Suppose a classical electron is confined to move in the $xy$ plane under the influence of a constant magnetic field in the positive $z$ direction. It then traverses a circular orbit with a fixed positive angular momentum $L_z$ with respect…
The magnetic field generated by an electron bound in a spherically symmetric potential is calculated for eigenstates of the orbital and total angular momentum. General expressions are presented for the current density in such states and the…
We describe the electromagnetic field by the massless limit of a massive vector field in the presence of a Coulomb gauge fixing term. The gauge fixing term ensures that, in the massless limit, the longitudinal mode is removed from the…
The problem of the measurability of the electromagnetic field is investigated 1) in the framework of the abstract restricted-path-integral method, and 2) by explicitly accounting the action of the field onto the meter and its back reaction.…
Even though its classical equations of motion are then left invariant, when an action is redefined by an additive total derivative or divergence term (in time, in the case of a mechanical system) such a transformation induces nontrivial…