Related papers: Quantization of the free electromagnetic field imp…
An angular momentum operator in loop quantum gravity is defined using spherically symmetric states as a non-rotating reference system. It can be diagonalized simultaneously with the area operator and has the familiar spectrum. The operator…
Quantized space described by time reversal invariant and rotationally invariant noncommutative algebra of canonical type is studied. A particle in uniform field is considered. We find exactly the energy of a particle in uniform field in the…
In this work, it is shown that the energy and momentum of electromagnetic fields created by a classical charge, whose velocity varies with time, do not form four-vector. A possible explanation for this result is that the calculation of…
A Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule is generalized for the case of the deformed commutation relation leading to minimal uncertainties in both coordinate and momentum operators. The correctness of the rule is verified by comparing obtained…
We present a covariant framework for the quantization of the electromagnetic field in the presence of magnetic monopoles. Building on the two-potential formalism of Cabibbo and Ferrari, which treats electric and magnetic sources on equal…
Recently, Bennett et al. [Eur. J. Phys. 37:014001, 2016] presented a physically-motivated and explicitly gauge-independent scheme for the quantisation of the electromagnetic field in flat Minkowski space. In this paper we generalise this…
The free electromagnetic field, solution of Maxwell's equations and carrier of energy, momentum and spin, is construed as an emergent collective property of an ensemble of photons, and with this, the consistency of an interpretation that…
Two interacting electrons in a harmonic oscillator potential under the influence of a perpendicular homogeneous magnetic field are considered. Analytic expressions are obtained for the energy spectrum of the two- and three-dimensional…
Upcoming experiments on the interaction of electrons with intense laser fields are envisaged to become more and more accurate, which calls for theoretical computations of rates and probabilities with correspondingly higher precision. In…
This two-paper series addresses and fixes the long-standing gauge invariance problem of angular momentum in gauge theories. This QED part reveals: 1) The spin and orbital angular momenta of electrons and photons can all be consistently…
The wave function of quantum mechanics is not a boost invariant and gauge invariant quantity. Correspondingly, reference frame dependence and gauge dependence are inherited to most of the elements of the usual formulation of quantum…
We discuss different free energies for materials in static electric and magnetic fields. We explain what the corresponding Hamiltonians are, and describe which choice gives rise to which result for the free energy change, dF, in the…
The Schrodinger formalism of quantum mechanics is used to demonstrate the existence of the Aharonov-Bohm effect in momentum space and set-ups for experimentally demonstrating it are proposed for either free or ballistic electrons.
A four-dimensional photon polarization space, such that gives a different interpretation of the ladder operators for the time-like degree comparing to the Gupta-Bleuler formulation is presented. This interpretation, coming from the…
Here the probability density of relativistic particles coordinates, satisfying the formal conditions of the quantum mechanics and the special relativity, is determined (under textbooks view, such density does not exist). It is specified for…
We investigate the uncertainty relation for estimating the position of one electron in a uniform magnetic field in the framework of the quantum estimation theory. Two kinds of momenta, canonical one and mechanical one, are used to generate…
We study the quantum-classical correspondence in terms of coherent wave functions of a charged particle in two-dimensional central-scalar-potentials as well as the gauge field of a magnetic flux in the sense that the probability clouds of…
Starting from the observation that in Yang-Mills theory the Schroedinger state functional in the momentum representation is not gauge invariant, we investigate the reversed question: Which are the representations for the operators of a…
For a single degree of freedom confined mechanical system with given energy, we know that the motion is always periodic and action-angle variables are convenient choice as conjugate phase-space variables. We construct action-angle coherent…
The fact that electromagnetic effects propagate at the speed of light suggests how the Lorenz-gauge scalar and vector potentials of a uniformly moving point charge must be modified when the charge was initially at rest and then set suddenly…