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Cellular signaling involves the transmission of environmental information through cascades of stochastic biochemical reactions, inevitably introducing noise that compromises signal fidelity. Each stage of the cascade often takes the form of…
Contrast enhancement by Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) is a vital tool for tumor diagnosis in neuroradiology. Based on brain MRI scans of glioblastoma before and after Gadolinium administration, we address enhancement prediction…
Recent works have examined theoretical and empirical properties of wide neural networks trained in the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) regime. Given that biological neural networks are much wider than their artificial counterparts, we consider…
This work addresses nucleation rates in systems with strong initial recombination. Initial (or `geminate') recombination is a process where a dissociated structure (anion, vortex, kink etc.) recombines with its twin brother (cation,…
The pancreatic innervation undergoes dynamic remodeling during the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Denervation experiments have shown that different types of axons can exert either pro- or anti-tumor effects, but…
To maintain bone mass during bone remodelling, coupling is required between bone resorption and bone formation. This coordination is achieved by a network of autocrine and paracrine signalling molecules between cells of the osteoclast…
As a potential window on transitions out of the ergodic, many-body-delocalized phase, we study the dephasing of weakly disordered, quasi-one-dimensional fermion systems due to a diffusive, non-Markovian noise bath. Such a bath is…
Altermagnets, combining zero net magnetization with intrinsic spin splitting, demonstrate unique quantum phenomena crucial for spintronic applications. KV$_2$Se$_2$O is proven to be a d-wave altermagnet with phase transition from a…
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based synthetic computed tomography (sCT) simplifies radiation therapy treatment planning by eliminating the need for CT simulation and error-prone image registration, ultimately reducing patient radiation…
Non-analytic points in the return probability of a quantum state as a function of time, known as dynamical quantum phase transitions (DQPTs), have received great attention in recent years, but the understanding of their mechanism is still…
The human neurotensin 1 receptor (hNTS1) is a G protein-coupled receptor involved in many physiological functions, including analgesia, hypothermia, and hypotension. To gain a better understanding of which signaling pathways or combination…
Artificial neural networks have revolutionized machine learning in recent years, but a complete theoretical framework for their learning process is still lacking. Substantial advances were achieved for wide networks, within two disparate…
The segmentation of the pubic symphysis and fetal head (PSFH) constitutes a pivotal step in monitoring labor progression and identifying potential delivery complications. Despite the advances in deep learning, the lack of annotated medical…
Model diffing methods aim to identify how fine-tuning changes a model's internal representations. Crosscoders approach this by learning shared dictionaries of interpretable latent directions between base and fine-tuned models. However,…
Collective cell migration is a hallmark of developmental and patho-physiological states, including wound healing and invasive cancer growth. The integrity of the expanding epithelial sheets can be influenced by extracellular cues, including…
Deterministic and stochastic Boolean network models are build for the dynamics of negative feedback loops of the p53 pathways. It is shown that the main function of the negative feedback in the p53 pathways is to keep p53 at a low steady…
Entanglement related properties work as nice fingerprint of the quantum many-body wave function. However, those of fermionic models are hard to evaluate in standard numerical methods because they suffer from finite size effects. We show…
Signal peptide (SP) is a short peptide located in the N-terminus of proteins. It is essential to target and transfer transmembrane and secreted proteins to correct positions. Compared with traditional experimental methods to identify signal…
Descending predictive feedback (DPF) is an ubiquitous yet unexplained phenomenon in the central nervous system. Motivated by recent observations on motor-related signals in the visual system, we approach this problem from a sensorimotor…
Glucose is a primary energy source for cancer cells. Several lines of evidence support the idea that monocarboxylate transporters, such as MCT1, elicit metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells in glucose-poor environments, allowing them to…