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Using computational modelling, we investigate mechanisms of signal transduction focusing on the spindle assembly checkpoint where a single unattached kinetochore is able to signal to prevent cell cycle progression. This inhibitory signal…
Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) reduces patient radiation exposure but introduces substantial noise that degrades image quality and hinders diagnostic accuracy. Existing denoising approaches often require many diffusion steps, limiting…
The NF-kB signalling system is involved in a variety of cellular processes including immune response, inflammation, and apoptosis. Recent experiments have found oscillations in the nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation of the NF-kB…
Real-world image denoising is a practical image restoration problem that aims to obtain clean images from in-the-wild noisy inputs. Recently, the Vision Transformer (ViT) has exhibited a strong ability to capture long-range dependencies,…
Dynamic time warping (DTW) is widely used to align time series evolving on mismatched timescales, yet most applications reduce alignment to a scalar distance. We introduce warp quantification analysis (WQA), a framework that derives…
This paper challenges the common assumption that the weight $\beta$, in $\beta$-VAE, should be larger than $1$ in order to effectively disentangle latent factors. We demonstrate that $\beta$-VAE, with $\beta < 1$, can not only attain good…
The first-forbidden transition of nuclear $\beta$ decay is expected to play crucial roles in many aspects in nuclear physics, nuclear astrophysics and particle physics such as the stellar $\beta$-decay rates and the reactor anti-neutrino…
Transformer-based diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable performance at generating high-quality samples. However, our theoretical understanding of the reasons for this success remains limited. For instance, existing models are…
Quantum networks and the modular scaling of quantum computers require efficient spin-photon interfaces. This can be achieved with optical resonators that increase the local density of states, thereby enhancing the radiative decay of…
We propose a unified mechanism that reproduces the sequence of dynamical transitions observed during somitogenesis, the process of body segmentation during embryonic development, that is invariant across all vertebrate species. This is…
Accelerating deep neural networks (DNNs) has been attracting increasing attention as it can benefit a wide range of applications, e.g., enabling mobile systems with limited computing resources to own powerful visual recognition ability. A…
Differentiating tumor progression (TP) from treatment-related necrosis (TN) is critical for clinical management decisions in glioblastoma (GBM). Dynamic FDG PET (dPET), an advance from traditional static FDG PET, may prove advantageous in…
In this article, I put forward the idea that the neoplastic process (NP) has deep evolutionary roots and make specific predictions about the connection between cancer and the formation of the first embryo, which allowed for the evolutionary…
During organismal development, biochemical reaction networks sense and respond to mechanical forces to coordinate embryonic patterning with embryo morphogenesis. Factors such as cortical tension, cell density, and matrix mechanical…
Interactions between neighboring cells are essential for generating or refining patterns in a number of biological systems. We propose a discrete filtering approach to predict how networks of cells modulate spatially varying input signals…
Signalling pathways are abstractions that help life scientists structure the coordination of cellular activity. Cross-talk between pathways accounts for many of the complex behaviours exhibited by signalling pathways and is often critical…
Ongoing studies have identified similarities between neural representations in biological networks and in deep artificial neural networks. This has led to renewed interest in developing analogies between the backpropagation learning…
Within the tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer cells use mechanotransduction pathways to convert biophysical forces to biochemical signals. However, the underlying mechanisms and functional significance of these pathways remain largely…
Gene promoters are the key DNA regulatory elements positioned around the transcription start sites and are responsible for regulating gene transcription process. Various alignment-based, signal-based and content-based approaches are…
Seismic signal is used for vehicle classification widely. However, this task becomes difficult as a result of various noises. To solve the problem, this paper proposes a novel de-noising algorithm which evolves from a nonparametric adaptive…