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For an edge-colored graph, a subgraph is called rainbow if all its edges have distinct colors. We show that if $G$ is an edge-colored graph of order $n$ and size $m$ using $c$ colors on its edges, and $m+c\geq \binom{n+1}{2}+k-1$ for a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-10-12 Stefan Ehard , Elena Mohr

A graph G is (a:b)-colorable if there exists an assignment of b-element subsets of {1,...,a} to vertices of G such that sets assigned to adjacent vertices are disjoint. We show that every planar graph without cycles of length 4 or 5 is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-16 Zdeněk Dvořák , Xiaolan Hu

An $acyclic$ edge coloring of a graph is a proper edge coloring such that there are no bichromatic cycle s. The \emph{acyclic chromatic index} of a graph is the minimum number k such that there is an acyclic e dge coloring using k colors…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-01-14 Manu Basavaraju , L. Sunil Chandran

Let $K_n^c$ be an edge-coloured complete graph on $n$ vertices. Let $\Delta_{\rm mon}(K_n^c)$ denote the largest number of edges of the same colour incident with a vertex of $K_n^c$. A properly coloured cycle is a cycle such that no two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-10-15 Allan Lo

An edge coloring of a simple graph $G$ is said to be \textit{proper rainbow-cycle-forbidding} (PRCF, for short) if no two incident edges receive the same color and for any cycle in $G$, at least two edges of that cycle receive the same…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-11 Matt Noble

We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a decomposition of a complete multigraph into edge-disjoint cycles of specified lengths, or into edge-disjoint cycles of specified lengths and a perfect matching.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-08-05 Darryn Bryant , Daniel Horsley , Barbara Maenhaut , Benjamin R. Smith

A vertex colouring of some graph is called perfect if each vertex of colour $i$ has exactly $a_{ij}$ neighbours of colour $j$. Being perfect imposes several restrictions on the colour incidence matrix $(a_{ij})$. We list several (old and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-17 Joseph R. C. Damasco , Dirk Frettlöh

A symmetric digraph $\overleftrightarrow{G}$ is obtained from a simple graph $G$ by replacing each edge $uv$ with a pair of opposite arcs $\vec{uv}$, $\overrightarrow{vu}$. An arc-colouring $c$ of a digraph $\overleftrightarrow{G}$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-18 Rafał Kalinowski , Monika Pilśniak , Magdalena Prorok

A path (cycle) is properly-colored if consecutive edges are of distinct colors. In 1997, Bang-Jensen and Gutin conjectured a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a Hamilton path in an edge-colored complete graph. This…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-19 Ruonan Li , Bo Ning

A colouring of a digraph as defined by Erdos and Neumann-Lara in 1980 is a vertex-colouring such that no monochromatic directed cycles exist. The minimal number of colours required for such a colouring of a loopless digraph is defined to be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-05-21 Marcelo Garlet Millani , Raphael Steiner , Sebastian Wiederrecht

A vertex colouring of a graph $G$ is "nonrepetitive" if $G$ contains no path for which the first half of the path is assigned the same sequence of colours as the second half. Thue's famous theorem says that every path is nonrepetitively…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-13 David R. Wood

A path $P$ in an edge-colored graph $G$ is a \emph{proper path} if no two adjacent edges of $P$ are colored with the same color. The graph $G$ is \emph{proper connected} if, between every pair of vertices, there exists a proper path in $G$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-30 Hong Chang , Zhong Huang , Xueliang Li

This paper has been withdrawn by the author. Peterson and Woodall previously proved that the list-edge-colouring conjecture holds for graphs without odd cycles of length 5 or longer. D. Peterson and D. R. Woodall, Edge-choosability in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-08-11 Jessica McDonald

Let C and D be digraphs. A mapping $f:V(D)\to V(C)$ is a C-colouring if for every arc $uv$ of D, either $f(u)f(v)$ is an arc of C or $f(u)=f(v)$, and the preimage of every vertex of C induces an acyclic subdigraph in D. We say that D is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-08-15 Ararat Harutyunyan , P. Mark Kayll , Bojan Mohar , Liam Rafferty

An edge coloring of a graph $G$ is called an acyclic edge coloring if it is proper and every cycle in $G$ contains edges of at least three different colors. The least number of colors needed for an acyclic edge coloring of $G$ is called the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-13 Anton Bernshteyn

An acyclic edge coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper edge coloring such that every cycle is colored with at least three colors. The acyclic chromatic index $\chiup_{a}'(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the least number of colors in an acyclic edge…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-02-20 Jijuan Chen , Tao Wang , Huiqin Zhang

Dirac proved that any graph with minimum vertex degree $\delta$ contains either a cycle of length at least $2\delta$ or a Hamilton cycle. Motivated by this result, we characterize those graphs having no cycle longer than $2\delta$.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Galen E. Turner

An $r$-edge coloring of a graph or hypergraph $G=(V,E)$ is a map $c:E\to \{0, \dots, r-1\}$. Extending results of Rado and answering questions of Rado, Gy\'arf\'as and S\'ark\"ozy we prove that (1.) the vertex set of every $r$-edge colored…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-01-07 M. Elekes , D. T. Soukup , L. Soukup , Z. Szentmiklóssy

A proper coloring of a graph $G$ is said to be a strong odd coloring of $G$, if for every vertex $v$ and every color $c$, either $c$ appears on an odd number of vertices in the neighborhood of $v$ or $c$ is absent in the neighborhood of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-04 Arun J Manattu , Athira Vinay , Aparna Lakshmanan S

A proper edge $t$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a coloring of edges of $G$ with colors $1,2,...,t$ such that each of $t$ colors is used, and adjacent edges are colored differently. The set of colors of edges incident with a vertex $x$ of $G$…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-05-02 R. R. Kamalian