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Satisfiability-based verification techniques, leveraging modern Boolean satisfiability (SAT) and Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers, have demonstrated efficacy in addressing practical problem instances within program analysis.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Markus Krahl , Matthias Güdemann , Stefan Wallentowitz

In the contexts of automated reasoning (AR) and formal verification (FV), important decision problems are effectively encoded into Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT). In the last decade efficient SMT solvers have been developed for…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-10-23 Roberto Sebastiani , Silvia Tomasi

We consider the problem of solving floating-point constraints obtained from software verification. We present UppSAT --- a new implementation of a systematic approximation refinement framework [ZWR17] as an abstract SMT solver. Provided…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-12-12 Aleksandar Zeljic , Peter Backeman , Christoph M. Wintersteiger , Philipp Ruemmer

#SMT, or model counting for logical theories, is a well-known hard problem that generalizes such tasks as counting the number of satisfying assignments to a Boolean formula and computing the volume of a polytope. In the realm of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-10-30 Dmitry Chistikov , Rayna Dimitrova , Rupak Majumdar

Writing accurate numerical software is hard because of many sources of unavoidable uncertainties, including finite numerical precision of implementations. We present a programming model where the user writes a program in a real-valued…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2013-09-11 Eva Darulova , Viktor Kuncak

Artificial Intelligence problems, ranging form planning/scheduling up to game control, include an essential crucial step: describing a model which accurately defines the problem's required data, requirements, allowed transitions and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-25 Andrei Arusoaie , Ionut Pistol

We present new methods for solving the Satisfiability Modulo Theories problem over the theory of Quantifier-Free Non-linear Integer Arithmetic, SMT(QF-NIA), which consists in deciding the satisfiability of ground formulas with integer…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Cristina Borralleras , Daniel Larraz , Albert Oliveras , Enric Rodriguez-Carbonell , Albert Rubio

The problem of finding small unsatisfiable cores for SAT formulas has recently received a lot of interest, mostly for its applications in formal verification. However, propositional logic is often not expressive enough for representing many…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-01-17 Alessandro Cimatti , Alberto Griggio , Roberto Sebastiani

Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers incorporate decision procedures for theories of data types that commonly occur in software. This makes them important tools for automating verification problems. A limitation frequently…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-08-28 Kshitij Bansal , Andrew Reynolds , Tim King , Clark Barrett , Thomas Wies

Solving nonlinear SMT problems over real numbers has wide applications in robotics and AI. While significant progress is made in solving quantifier-free SMT formulas in the domain, quantified formulas have been much less investigated. We…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Soonho Kong , Armando Solar-Lezama , Sicun Gao

Satisfiability modulo theory (SMT) consists in testing the satisfiability of first-order formulas over linear integer or real arithmetic, or other theories. In this survey, we explain the combination of propositional satisfiability and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-06-16 David Monniaux

In the contexts of automated reasoning and formal verification, important decision problems are effectively encoded into Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT). In the last decade efficient SMT solvers have been developed for several theories…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-02-08 Roberto Sebastiani , Silvia Tomasi

Many decision procedures for SMT problems rely more or less implicitly on an instantiation of the axioms of the theories under consideration, and differ by making use of the additional properties of each theory, in order to increase…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-06-16 Mnacho Echenim , Nicolas Peltier

This work introduces StageSAT, a new approach to solving floating-point satisfiability that bridges SMT solving with numerical optimization. StageSAT reframes a floating-point formula as a series of optimization problems in three stages of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yuanzhuo Zhang , Zhoulai Fu , Binoy Ravindran

SMT solvers have been used successfully as reasoning engines for automated verification and other applications based on automated reasoning. Current techniques for dealing with quantified formulas in SMT are generally incomplete, forcing…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-06-02 Andrew Reynolds , Cesare Tinelli , Clark Barrett

Floating-point arithmetic (FPA) is a mechanical representation of real arithmetic (RA), where each operation is replaced with a rounded counterpart. Various numerical properties can be verified by using SMT solvers that support the logic of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Daisuke Ishii , Takashi Tomita , Toshiaki Aoki

Satisfiability Modulo Theory (SMT) has recently emerged as a powerful tool for solving various automated reasoning problems across diverse domains. Unlike traditional satisfiability methods confined to Boolean variables, SMT can reason on…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Arijit Shaw , Uddalok Sarkar , Kuldeep S. Meel

A novel parallel algorithm for solving the classical Decision Boolean Satisfiability problem with clauses in conjunctive normal form is depicted. My approach for solving SAT is without using algebra or other computational search strategies…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-04-17 Carlos Barrón-Romero

Many SMT solvers implement efficient SAT-based procedures for solving fixed-size bit-vector formulas. These approaches, however, cannot be used directly to reason about bit-vectors of symbolic bit-width. To address this shortcoming, we…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Aina Niemetz , Mathias Preiner , Andrew Reynolds , Yoni Zohar , Clark Barrett , Cesare Tinelli

Many real applications problems can be encoded easily as quantified formulas in SMT. However, this simplicity comes at the cost of difficulty during solving by SMT solvers. Different strategies and quantifier instantiation techniques have…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Mudathir Mohamed , Nick Feng , Andrew Reynolds , Cesare Tinelli , Clark Barrett , Marsha Chechik
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