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Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) is arguably the archetypical NP-complete decision problem. Progress in SAT solving algorithms has motivated an ever increasing number of practical applications in recent years. However, many practical uses of…
We present a general simplification of quantified SMT formulas using variable elimination. The simplification is based on an analysis of the ground terms occurring as arguments in function applications. We use this information to generate a…
We introduce the notion of "\delta-complete decision procedures" for solving SMT problems over the real numbers, with the aim of handling a wide range of nonlinear functions including transcendental functions and solutions of…
This short paper proposes to learn models of satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) formulas during solving. Specifically, we focus on infinite models for problems in the logic of linear arithmetic with uninterpreted functions (UFLIA). The…
This paper presents a framework to derive instantiation-based decision procedures for satisfiability of quantified formulas in first-order theories, including its correctness, implementation, and evaluation. Using this framework we derive…
Many modern solvers and program analyzers rely on non-monotone reasoning (e.g. negation-as-failure, speculative updates, backtracking) for which classical monotone fixed-point methods do not apply. The general problem of finding the fixed…
Answer set programming (ASP) is a paradigm for declarative problem solving where problems are first formalized as rule sets, i.e., answer-set programs, in a uniform way and then solved by computing answer sets for programs. The…
We prove several decidability and undecidability results for the satisfiability and validity problems for languages that can express solutions to word equations with length constraints. The atomic formulas over this language are equality…
In semi-symbolic (control-explicit data-symbolic) model checking the state-space explosion problem is fought by representing sets of states by first-order formulas over the bit-vector theory. In this model checking approach, most of the…
Non-linear polynomial systems over finite fields are used to model functional behavior of cryptosystems, with applications in system security, computer cryptography, and post-quantum cryptography. Solving polynomial systems is also one of…
This paper introduces SATFuL, a SAT solver for fuzzy logics. In contrast to the Boolean case, for which numerous SAT solvers exist, the SAT problem for fuzzy logics has attracted less attention, even though these tools have interesting…
This paper presents a complete decision procedure for the entire quantifier-free fragment of Separation Logic ($\seplog$) interpreted over heaplets with data elements ranging over a parametric multi-sorted (possibly infinite) domain. The…
Spectral decomposition of matrices is a recurring and important task in applied mathematics, physics and engineering. Many application problems require the consideration of matrices of size three with spectral decomposition over the real…
The boolean satisfiability (SAT) problem asks whether there exists an assignment of boolean values to the variables of an arbitrary boolean formula making the formula evaluate to True. It is well-known that all NP-problems can be coded as…
Satisfiability Modulo the Theory of Nonlinear Real Arithmetic, SMT(NRA) for short, concerns the satisfiability of polynomial formulas, which are quantifier-free Boolean combinations of polynomial equations and inequalities with integer…
Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have revolutionized complex problem-solving, yet they exhibit a pervasive "overthinking", generating unnecessarily long reasoning chains. While current solutions improve token efficiency, they often sacrifice…
Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) specifications often rely on quantifiers to remain concise and declarative. However, checking the satisfiability of such specifications directly can be inefficient. A common optimization is to ground the…
Bit-vector formulas arising from hardware verification problems often contain word-level arithmetic operations. Empirical evidence shows that state-of-the-art SMT solvers are not very efficient at reasoning about bit-vector formulas with…
This work focuses on effectively generating diverse solutions for satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) formulas, targeting the theories of bit-vectors, arrays, and uninterpreted functions, which is a critical task in software and hardware…
Given a formula $F$ of satisfiability modulo theory (SMT), the classical SMT solver tries to (1) abstract $F$ as a Boolean formula $F_B$, (2) find a Boolean solution to $F_B$, and (3) check whether the Boolean solution is consistent with…