General Mathematics
Let $\mathbb{F}$ be a sub-modulus field such that $2 \neq 0$. Let $\mathcal{X}$ be a sub-normed linear space over $\mathbb{F}$. Then we show that \begin{align*} \bigg|\|x\|-\|y\|\bigg|\leq \frac{2}{|2|}\|x+y\|+\frac{2}{|2|}\max\{\|x-y\|,…
This paper establishes a Lyapunov-type inequality for a class of fractional boundary value problems (BVPs) involving two Hadamard fractional derivatives of different orders with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The method is based on the…
We obtain four extended Newton's methods and three extended Mandelbrot's recurrence formulas from the Wasan (Japanese mathematics in the Edo period (1603-1868)). Furthermore, two extended Newton's methods relate to one of the extended…
In this paper, we further develop the theory of circles of partition by introducing the notion of complex circles of partition. This work generalizes the classical framework, extending from subsets of the natural numbers as base sets to…
Given that the restricted equivalence functions (REFs) can serve to measure the similarity of two fuzzy sets, this motivates the integration of REFs with similarity-based approximate reasoning systems to enhance inference capabilities.…
In the paper [E. Jim\'enez-Fern\'andez, J. Rodr\'{\i}guez-L\'opez, E. A. S\'anchez-P\'erez, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 406 (2021),66-81], a McShane-Whitney extension theorem is presented for real-valued fuzzy Lipschitz maps between fuzzy metric…
We show that every family of quasi-arithmetic means generated by (a subset of) $\mathcal{C}^1$ functions with nonvanishing derivative which is bounded (from below or from above) by a quasi-arithmetic mean, possesses the best (lower or…
The transitivity of fuzzy relations plays an important role in fuzzy set theory, artificial intelligence, clustering and decision-making. However, it is often difficult for fuzzy relations to satisfy the transitivity property in many…
Point clouds can be regarded as discrete samples of smooth manifolds and are typically analyzed via the eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator. This paper extends manifold spectral analysis to the fractional domain, enabling…
In the current work, we propose a generalization of angles and orthogonality from $L^2$ to generic Banach spaces, starting from a $L^p$ version of the Pythagorean theorem, $p\in [1,\infty)$. The starting point is conservation of energy…
This paper is a sequel to arXiv:2511.01024 (Base 1), where an axiomatic framework for angles and the foundations of difference-angle geometry were introduced. In difference-angle geometry, where the difference of slopes of lines is treated…
10 is the smallest positive integer which is whether solitary or friendly is still an open question in mathematics. In this paper, we provide upper bounds for each of the prime divisors of a friend of 10. This paper is precisely a…
We establish a necessary condition for pseudoprimality and a sufficient condition for primality of Fermat numbers, based on a congruence involving the exponent $(F_n-1)/4$. Moreover, in connection with P\'epin's primality test, we obtain a…
We consider the two families of even polynomials $\Xi_n$ and $\Lambda_n$ studied in~\cite{TallaWaffo2026arxiv2602.16761}, together with the rescaled polynomials $\widetilde{\Xi}_n(x):=\Xi_n(\sqrt{x})$ and…
In this paper, for the first time, we extend the Over/Under/Off Set/Logic/Probability used in uncertain theories (such as: fuzzy, neutrosophic and extensions) to the Over/Under/Off Mass that could be used in Information Fusion. The approach…
We show that for an integer $\ell$, there exists an acute integer lattice triangle of lattice perimeter $\ell$ such that its orthocenter is an integer lattice point, if and only if $\ell=6 $ or $\ell\ge 8$. Analogous results are obtained…
\textbf{Background} Measles has resurged globally in the post-pandemic period as routine immunisation recovery remains below the two-dose threshold required to interrupt transmission. Bangladesh, previously nearing measles--rubella…
Crack-tip fields within a transversely isotropic strain-limiting elastic body are investigated under the influence of piecewise linear slope boundary loads. The mechanical response is characterized via a nonlinear constitutive framework…
In Section 6.6 of the book {\it Number Theory, Volume I: Tools and Diophantine Equations, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, Volume 239, Springer (2007)}, Cohen investigated the solubility of the equation $n=x^4+y^4$ in the rational numbers…
In this second of three introductory papers, we extend the notion of generalised Cesaro summation/convergence to the more natural setting of what we call remainder Cesaro summation/convergence. This greatly expands the range of problems…