English

Vogel universality and beyond

Mathematical Physics 2026-02-03 v2 High Energy Physics - Theory math.MP

Abstract

For simple Lie algebras we construct characteristic identities for split (polarized) Casimir operators in representations TYnT \otimes Y_n and TYnT \otimes Y_n', where TT -- defining (minimal fundamental for exceptional Lie algebras) representation, YnY_n -- n-Cartan powers of the adjoint representations ad=Y1ad = Y_1 and Y_n' -- special representations appeared in the Clebsch-Gordan decomposition of symmetric part of adnad^{\otimes n}. By means of these characteristic identities, we derive (for all simple Lie algebras, except e8\mathfrak{e}_8) explicit formulae for invariant projectors onto irreducible subrepresentations arose in the decomposition of TYnT \otimes Y_n. These projectors and characteristic identities are written in the universal form for all simple Lie algebras (except e8\mathfrak{e}_8) in terms of Vogel parameters. Universal formulas for the dimensions of the Casimir subrepresentations appeared in the decompositions of TYnT \otimes Y_n where found.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2601.01612,
  title  = {Vogel universality and beyond},
  author = {A. P. Isaev},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.01612},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

40 pages. The Introduction has been improved and Subsection 2.2 has been expanded. We have added a new subsection with an example of calculating universal color (group) factors for an infinite set of Feynman diagrams in non-Abelian gauge theories. The bibliography has been updated to reflect these changes

R2 v1 2026-07-01T08:50:03.077Z