Robust heterodimensional cycles of co-index two via split blending machines
Abstract
We consider diffeomorphisms with heterodimensional cycles of co-index two, associated with saddles and having unstable indices and , respectively. In a partially hyperbolic setting, where a two-dimensional center direction and strong invariant manifolds are defined, we introduce the class of \emph{non-escaping cycles}, where the strong stable manifold of and the strong unstable manifold of are involved in the cycle. This configuration guarantees the existence of orbits that remain in a neighbourhood of the cycle. We show that such diffeomorphisms can be approximated by diffeomorphisms exhibiting simultaneously robust heterodimensional cycles of co-indices one and two, encompassing all possible combinations among hyperbolic sets of unstable indices , , and . The proof relies on the construction of \emph{split blending machines}. This tool extends Asaoka's blending machines to a partially hyperbolic setting, providing a mechanisms to generate and control robust intersections within a two-dimensional central bundle. We also present simple dynamical settings where such cycles occur, namely skew product dynamics with surface fiber maps. Non-escaping cycles also appear in contexts such as Derived from Anosov diffeomorphisms and matrix cocycles on .
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2511.12412,
title = {Robust heterodimensional cycles of co-index two via split blending machines},
author = {Pablo G. Barrientos and Lorenzo J. Díaz and Yuri Ki and Cristina Lizana and Sebastián A. Pérez},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.12412},
year = {2025}
}
Comments
62 pages and 12 figures