English

More properties of the Ramanujan sequence

Classical Analysis and ODEs 2016-11-22 v3

Abstract

The Ramanujan sequence {θn}n0 \{\theta_{n}\}_{n \geq 0}, defined as θ0=12 ,   θn=(  en2k=0n1nkk!  )n!nn ,  n1 , \theta_{0}= \frac{1}{2} \ , \ \ \ \theta_{n} = \left(\ \ \frac{e^{n}}{2} - \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \frac{n^{k}}{k !} \ \ \right) \cdot \frac{n !}{n^{n}} \ , \ \ n \geq 1 \ , has been studied on many occasions and in many different contexts. J.Adell and P.Jodra (2008) and S. Koumandos (2013) showed, respectively, that the sequences {θn}n0\{\theta_{n}\}_{n \geq 0} and {4/135n(θn1/3)}n0\{4/135 - n \cdot (\theta_{n}- 1/3 )\}_{n \geq 0} are completely monotone. In the present paper we establish that the sequence {(n+1)(θn1/3)}n0\{(n+1)(\theta_{n}- 1/3 )\}_{n \geq 0} is also completely monotone. Furthermore, we prove that the analytic function (θ11/3)1n=1(θn1/3)zn/nα(\theta_{1}- 1/3 )^{-1} \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} (\theta_{n}- 1/3 ) \cdot z^{n} / n^{\alpha} is universally starlike for every α1 \alpha \geq 1 in the slit domain C[1,) \mathbb{C} \setminus [1,\infty). This seems to be the first result putting the Ramanujan sequence into the context of analytic univalent functions and is a step towards a previous stronger conjecture, proposed by S.Ruscheweyh, L.Salinas and T.Sugawa in 2009, namely that the function (θ11/3)1n=1(θn1/3)zn(\theta_{1}- 1/3 )^{-1} \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} (\theta_{n}- 1/3 ) \cdot z^{n} is universally convex.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1605.05479,
  title  = {More properties of the Ramanujan sequence},
  author = {Andrew Bakan and Stephan Ruscheweyh and Luis Salinas},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1605.05479},
  year   = {2016}
}

Comments

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R2 v1 2026-06-22T14:03:31.909Z