English

Is every knot isotopic to the unknot?

Geometric Topology 2024-06-14 v1

Abstract

In 1974, D. Rolfsen asked: Is every knot in S3S^3 isotopic (=homotopic through embeddings) to a PL knot or, equivalently, to the unknot? In particular, is the Bing sling isotopic to a PL knot? We show that the Bing sling is not isotopic to any PL knot: (1) by an isotopy which extends to an isotopy of 22-component links with lk=1lk=1; (2) through knots that are intersections of nested sequences of solid tori. There are also stronger versions of these results. In (1), the additional component may be allowed to self-intersect, and even to get replaced by a new one as long as it represents the same conjugacy class in G/[G,G]G/[G',G''], where GG is the fundamental group of the complement to the original component. In (2), the "solid tori" can be replaced by "boundary-link-like handlebodies", where a handlebody VS3V\subset S^3 of genus gg is called boundary-link-like if π1(S3V)\pi_1(\overline{S^3-V}) admits a homomorphism to the free group FgF_g such that the composition π1(V)π1(S3V)Fg\pi_1(\partial V)\to\pi_1(\overline{S^3-V})\to F_g is surjective.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2406.09365,
  title  = {Is every knot isotopic to the unknot?},
  author = {Sergey A. Melikhov},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.09365},
  year   = {2024}
}

Comments

61 pages, 12 figures

R2 v1 2026-06-28T17:04:57.093Z