English

Eccentricity, extendable choice and descending distributive forcing

Logic 2025-06-16 v1

Abstract

We introduce the forcing property of descending distributivity. A forcing P\mathbb{P} is κ\kappa-descending distributive if for all decreasing sequences (Dα)α<κ(D_\alpha)_{\alpha<\kappa} of open dense sets, αDα\bigcap_\alpha D_\alpha is open dense. This generalises the informal idea that P\mathbb{P} doesn't affect much on the scale of κ\kappa, such as if P\mathbb{P} is κ\kappa-distributive or if κ>P\kappa > \lvert \mathbb{P} \rvert. For example, a κ\kappa-descending distributive forcing will not change the cofinality of κ\kappa or introduce fresh functions on κ\kappa. Using this, we investigate the phenomenon of eccentric sets, those sets XX such that, for some ordinal α\alpha, XX surjects onto α\alpha, but α\alpha does not inject into XX. We refine prior works of the author by giving explicit calculations for the Hartogs and Lindenbaum numbers in eccentric constructions and providing a sharper description of the Hartogs-Lindenbaum spectra of models of small violations of choice. To do so we further develop an axiom (scheme) introduced by Levy that we call the axiom of extendable choice. For an ordinal α\alpha, ECα\mathsf{EC}_\alpha asserts that if A={Aγγ<α}\emptyset \notin A = \{A_\gamma \mid \gamma < \alpha\} and, for all β<α\beta < \alpha, {Aγγ<β}\{ A_\gamma \mid \gamma < \beta\} has a choice function, then AA has a choice function. This is closely tied to the presence of eccentric sets, and we construct symmetric extensions that give fine control over the α\alpha for which ECα\mathsf{EC}_\alpha holds by using descending distributivity.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2506.11607,
  title  = {Eccentricity, extendable choice and descending distributive forcing},
  author = {Calliope Ryan-Smith},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.11607},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

41 pages

R2 v1 2026-07-01T03:15:30.286Z