English

Forcing With Copies of Uncountable Ordinals

Logic 2024-04-24 v2

Abstract

For a relational structure X{\mathbb X} we investigate the partial order P(X),\langle {\mathbb P} ({\mathbb X}) ,\subset \rangle, where P(X):={f[X]:fEmb(X)}{\mathbb P} ({\mathbb X}):=\{ f[X]: f\in \mathop{\rm Emb}\nolimits ({\mathbb X})\}. Here we consider uncountable ordinals. Since sqP(α)\mathop{\rm sq}\nolimits {\mathbb P} (\alpha ) is isomorphic to the direct product i=1n(sqP(ωδi))si\prod _{i=1}^n (\mathop{\rm sq}\nolimits {\mathbb P} (\omega ^{\delta _i}))^{s_i}, where α=ωδnsn++ωδ1s1+m\alpha = \omega ^{\delta _n}s_n+\dots +\omega ^{\delta _1}s_1+ m is the Cantor normal form for α\alpha , the analysis is reduced to the investigation of the posets of the form P(ωδ){\mathbb P} (\omega ^{\delta }). It turns out that, in ZFC, either the poset sqP(α)\mathop{\rm sq}\nolimits {\mathbb P} (\alpha ) is σ\sigma-closed and completely embeds P(ω)/FinP(\omega )/\mathop{\rm Fin} and, hence, preserves ω1\omega _1 and forces c=h|{\mathfrak c}|=|{\mathfrak h}|, or, otherwise, completely embeds the algebra P(λ)/[λ]<λP(\lambda )/[\lambda ]^{<\lambda }, for some regular ω<λcf(δ)\omega <\lambda \leq \mathop{\rm cf}\nolimits (\delta ), and collapses ω2\omega _2 to ω\omega . Regarding the Cantor normal form, the first case appears iff for each ini\leq n we have cf(δi)ω\mathop{\rm cf}\nolimits (\delta _i)\leq \omega , or δi=θi+cf(δi)\delta _i = \theta _i + \mathop{\rm cf}\nolimits (\delta _i ), where Ordθicf(δi)>cf(θi)=ω\mathop{\mathrm{Ord}}\nolimits \ni\theta _i \geq \mathop{\rm cf}\nolimits (\delta _i ) >\mathop{\rm cf}\nolimits (\theta _i )=\omega and θi=limnωδn\theta _i =\lim _{n\rightarrow \omega }\delta _n, where cf(δn)=cf(δi)\mathop{\rm cf}\nolimits (\delta _n)=\mathop{\rm cf}\nolimits (\delta _i), for all nωn\in \omega .

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2401.00302,
  title  = {Forcing With Copies of Uncountable Ordinals},
  author = {Miloš S. Kurilić},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2401.00302},
  year   = {2024}
}

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22 pages