English

A star-comb lemma for infinite digraphs

Combinatorics 2025-06-16 v3

Abstract

The star-comb lemma is a standard tool in infinite graph theory, which states that for every infinite set UU of vertices in a connected graph GG there exists either a subdivided infinite star in GG with all leaves in UU, or an infinite comb in GG with all teeth in UU. In this paper, we elaborate a counterpart of the star-comb lemma for directed graphs. More precisely, we prove that for every infinite set UU of vertices in a strongly connected directed graph DD, there exists a strongly connected butterfly minor of DD with infinitely many teeth in UU that is either shaped by a star or shaped by a comb, or is a chain of triangles.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2406.04877,
  title  = {A star-comb lemma for infinite digraphs},
  author = {Florian Reich},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.04877},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

24 pages, 16 figures

R2 v1 2026-06-28T16:57:13.645Z