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Any Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol consists first of sequences of measurements that produce some correlation between classical data. We show that these correlation data must violate some Bell inequality in order to contain…

量子物理 · 物理学 2009-11-11 Antonio Acin , Nicolas Gisin , Lluis Masanes

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is theoretically secure using the principle of quantum mechanics; therefore, QKD is a promising solution for the future of secure communication. Although several experimental demonstrations of QKD have been…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-02-02 Chunfeng Huang , Ye Chen , Long Jin , Minming Geng , Junwei Wang , Zhenrong Zhang , Kejin Wei

Quantum cryptography or, more precisely, quantum key distribution (QKD), is one of the advanced areas in the field of quantum technologies. The confidentiality of keys distributed with the use of QKD protocols is guaranteed by the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-03-30 A. S. Trushechkin , E. O. Kiktenko , D. A. Kronberg , A. K. Fedorov

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) offers secure communication, with secure key rates that surpass those achievable by QKD protocols utilizing two-dimensional encoding. However, existing high-dimensional QKD protocols require…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the most widely studied quantum cryptographic model that exploits quantum effects to achieve information-theoretically secure key establishment. Conventional QKD contains public classical post-processing…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-01-07 Zixuan Hu , Zhenyu Li

Using quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, a secret key is created between two distant users (transmitter and receiver) at a particular key rate. Quantum technology can facilitate secure communication for cryptographic applications,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-01-09 Venkat Abhignan , Mohit Mittal , Aditi Das , Megha Shrivastava

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) stands as a revolutionary approach to secure communication, using the principles of quantum mechanics to establish unbreakable channels. Unlike traditional cryptography, which relies on the computational…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-09-09 Alec L. Riso , Karthik Thyagarajan , Connor Whiting , Katherine Jimenez

Quantum key distribution (QKD) can secure cryptographic communication between two distant users, as guaranteed by the laws of quantum mechanics rather than computational assumptions. The twin-field scheme, which employs counter-propagated…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-03-14 Venkat Abhignan , R. Srikanth

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a cryptographic protocol to enable two parties to share a secure key string, which can be used in one-time pad cryptosystem. There has been an ongoing surge of interest in implementing long-haul…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-08-22 Sourav Chatterjee , Kaumudibikash Goswami , Rishab Chatterjee , Urbasi Sinha

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD) enables information-theoretically secure key exchange between remote parties without any assumptions on the internal workings of the devices used for its implementation. However, its…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-11-20 Makoto Ishihara , Anthony Brendan , Wojciech Roga , Ulrik L. Andersen , Masahiro Takeoka

Improvement in secure transmission of information is an urgent practical need for governments, corporations and individuals. Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises security based on the laws of physics and has rapidly grown from…

We consider the security of a system of quantum key distribution (QKD) using only practical devices. Currently, attenuated laser pulses are widely used and considered to be the most practical light source. For the receiver of photons,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Masato Koashi

In a deterministic quantum key distribution (DQKD) protocol with a two-way quantum channel, Bob sends a qubit to Alice who then encodes a key bit onto the qubit and sends it back to Bob. After measuring the returned qubit, Bob can obtain…

量子物理 · 物理学 2011-11-02 Hua Lu , Chi-Hang Fred Fung , Xiongfeng Ma , Qing-yu Cai

The field of quantum information processing offers secure communication protected by the laws of quantum mechanics and is on the verge of finding wider application for information transfer of sensitive data. To overcome the obstacle of…

In a two-way deterministic quantum key distribution (DQKD) protocol, Bob randomly prepares qubits in one of four states and sends them to Alice. To encode a bit, Alice performs an operation on each received qubit and returns it to Bob. Bob…

量子物理 · 物理学 2013-12-11 Hua Lu , Chi-Hang Fred Fung , Qing-yu Cai

Twin-field (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) was conjectured to beat the private capacity of a point-to-point QKD link by using single-photon interference in a central measuring station. This remarkable conjecture has recently triggered…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-07-14 Marcos Curty , Koji Azuma , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has the potential to improve communications security by offering cryptographic keys whose security relies on the fundamental properties of quantum physics. The use of a trusted quantum receiver on an orbiting…

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) can eliminate all detector side-channel loopholes and has shown excellent performance in long-distance secret keys sharing. Conventional security proofs, however, require…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-02-09 Hua-Jian Ding , Xing-Yu Zhou , Chun-Hui Zhang , Jian Li , Qin Wang

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a promising technology for secure communication. Nevertheless, QKD is still treated with caution in certain contexts due to potential gaps between theoretical models and actual QKD implementations. A common…

Twin-Field (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) is a major candidate to be the new benchmark for far-distance QKD implementations, since its secret key rate can overcome the repeaterless bound by means of a simple interferometric…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-11-15 Federico Grasselli , Alvaro Navarrete , Marcos Curty