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Quantum Key Distribution, as a branch of quantum mechanics in cryptography, can distribute keys between legal communication parties in an unconditionally secure manner, thus can realize in transmitting confidential information with…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises information-theoretic security based on quantum mechanics, but practical implementations face security vulnerabilities due to device imperfections. Recent advances have separately addressed source and…

We consider two quantum cryptographic schemes relying on encoding the key into qudits, i.e. quantum states in a d-dimensional Hilbert space. The first cryptosystem uses two mutually unbiased bases (thereby extending the BB84 scheme), while…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the most explored application of quantum information theory. A central problem in entanglement-based QKD (EB-QKD), is whether every entangled state can be used to extract a key. We observe that entanglement…

We present a three-stage quantum cryptographic protocol guaranteeing security in which each party uses its own secret key. Unlike the BB84 protocol, where the qubits are transmitted in only one direction and classical information exchanged…

We present and analyze a quantum key distribution protocol based on sending entangled N-qubit states instead of single-qubit ones as in the trail-blazing scheme by Bennett and Brassard (BB84). Since the qubits are sent individually, an…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two spatially separated parties to securely generate a cryptographic key. The first QKD protocol, published by C. H. Bennett and G. Brassard in 1984 (BB84), describes how this is achieved by…

The practical realizations of BB84 quantum key distribution protocol using single-photon or weak coherent states have normally presented low efficiency, in the meaning that most bits sent by Alice are not useful for the final key. In this…

The secure transfer of information is an important problem in modern telecommunications. Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides a solution to this problem by using individual quantum systems to generate correlated bits between remote…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a method that distributes a secret key to a sender and a receiver by the transmission of quantum particles (e.g. photons). Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) is a version of QKD with a…

We provide various schemes for the splitting up of Quantum information into parts using the four and five partite cluster states. Explicit protocols for the Quantum information splitting (QIS) of single and two qubit states are illustrated.…

Quantum computing poses significant threats to conventional cryptographic techniques such as RSA and AES, motivating the need for quantum secure communication methods. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) offers information theoretic security…

Quantum Key Distribution is a practically implementable information-theoretic secure method for transmitting keys to remote partners performing quantum communication. After examining various protocols from the simplest such as QC and BB84…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables two parties to securely share encryption keys by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics, offering protection against eavesdropping. In practical implementations, QKD systems often rely on a…

In this paper, we present a flowchart-based description of the decoy-state BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol and provide a step-by-step, self-contained information-theoretic security proof for this protocol within the universal…

In this paper, we propose a quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol based on only a two-dimensional Hilbert space encoding a quantum system and independent devices between the equipment for state preparation and measurement. Our protocol is…

Quantum Cryptography or Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a technique that allows the secure distribution of a bit string, used as key in cryptographic protocols. When it was noted that quantum computers could break public key cryptosystems…

Quantum mechanical complementarity ensures the security of the key-distribution scheme reported by Brassard and Bennet in 1984 (BB84), but does not prohibit use of multi-photons as a signal carrier. We describe a novel BB84 scheme in which…

We propose a novel source based on a dual-drive modulator that is adaptable and allows Alice to choose between various practical quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols depending on what receiver she is communicating with. Experimental…

Improvement in secure transmission of information is an urgent practical need for governments, corporations and individuals. Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises security based on the laws of physics and has rapidly grown from…