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In this Reply we propose a modified security proof of the Quantum Dense Key Distribution protocol detecting also the eavesdropping attack proposed by Wojcik in his Comment.

A quantum key distribution protocol based on entanglement swapping is proposed. Through choosing particles by twos from the sequence and performing Bell measurements, two communicators can detect eavesdropping and obtain the secure key.…

量子物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Fei Gao , Fenzhuo Guo , Qiaoyan Wen , Fuchen Zhu

The ability to distribute secret keys between two parties with information-theoretic security, that is, regardless of the capacities of a malevolent eavesdropper, is one of the most celebrated results in the field of quantum information…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-09-01 Eleni Diamanti , Anthony Leverrier

While ideal quantum key distribution (QKD) systems are well-understood, practical implementations face various vulnerabilities, such as side-channel attacks resulting from device imperfections. Current security proofs for decoy-state BB84…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-06-18 Jerome Wiesemann , Fadri Grünenfelder , Ana Blázquez , Nino Walenta , Davide Rusca

Quantum key distribution relies on quantum mechanics to securely distribute cryptographic keys, offering security but necessitating complex infrastructure and significant resources for practical implementation. Quantum keyless private…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-02 Pedro Neto Mendes , Davide Rusca , Hugo Zbinden , Emmanuel Zambrini Cruzeiro

The use of quantum bits (qubits) in cryptography holds the promise of secure cryptographic quantum key distribution schemes. Unfortunately, the implemented schemes can be totally insecure. We provide a thorough investigation of security…

量子物理 · 物理学 2009-10-31 Gilles Brassard , Norbert Lütkenhaus , Tal Mor , Barry C. Sanders

Quantum key distribution (QKD) can share an unconditional secure key between two remote parties, but the deviation between theory and practice will break the security of the generated key. In this paper, we evaluate the security of QKD with…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-10-26 Shi-Hai Sun , Zhi-Yu Tian , Mei-Sheng Zhao , Yan Ma

We present a polarization diverse receiver architecture for continuous variables quantum key distribution. Our receiver architecture forgoes the need for any polarization matching calibrations or feedback loops and is usable in any locally…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-01-25 Daniel Pereira , Armando N Pinto , Nuno A Silva

In the recent decade, it has been discovered that QKD systems are extremely vulnerable to side-channel attacks. In particular, by exploiting the internal working knowledge of practical detectors, it is possible to bring them to an operating…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-02-02 Charles Ci Wen Lim , Nino Walenta , Matthieu Legre , Nicolas Gisin , Hugo Zbinden

Quantum key distribution is often regarded as an unconditionally secure method to exchange a secret key by harnessing fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics. Despite the robustness of key exchange, classical post-processing reveals…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-04-01 William Tighe , George Brumpton , Mark Carney , Benjamin T. H. Varcoe

Semiquantum key distribution (SQKD) allows two parties (Alice and Bob) to create a shared secret key, even if one of these parties (say, Alice) is classical. However, most SQKD protocols suffer from severe practical security problems when…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-07-04 Walter O. Krawec , Rotem Liss , Tal Mor

We present a complete protocol for BB84 quantum key distribution for a realistic setting (noise, loss, multi-photon signals of the source) that covers many of todays experimental implementations. The security of this protocol is shown…

量子物理 · 物理学 2007-07-10 Hitoshi Inamori , Norbert Lütkenhaus , Dominic Mayers

Strong attacks against quantum key distribution use quantum memories and quantum gates to attack directly the final key. In this paper we extend a novel security result recently obtained, to demonstrate proofs of security against a wide…

量子物理 · 物理学 2008-02-03 E. Biahm , T. Mor

Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers information-theoretic security based on the fundamental laws of physics. However, device imperfections, such as those in active modulators, may introduce side-channel leakage, thus compromising…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-05-10 Chengqiu Hu , Wenyuan Wang , Kai-Sum Chan , Zhenghan Yuan , Hoi-Kwong Lo

This is a brief comment on the Letter by Balygin and his coworkers [Laser Phys. Lett. 15, 095203 (2018)]. We point out an error that invalidates the Letter's conclusions.

The goal of quantum key distribution (QKD) is to establish a secure key between two parties connected by an insecure quantum channel. To use a QKD protocol in practice, one has to prove that a finite size key is secure against general…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-11-21 Tony Metger , Renato Renner

Unconditional security of quantum key distribution protocol can be guaranteed by the basic property of quantum mechanics. Unfortunately, the practical quantum key distribution system always have some imperfections, and the practical system…

Semi-quantum key distribution is traditionally based on two-level quantum systems. In this paper, an unconditional security of a semi quantum key distribution protocol based on higher-dimensional systems using various mutually unbiased…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-08-09 Hasnaa Hajji , Morad El Baz

In contrast to classical public-key cryptosystems, where the security of encoded messages relies on on computational assumptions, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables two distant parties to establish a shared secret key that, when…

Quantum copy protection uses the unclonability of quantum states to construct quantum software that provably cannot be pirated. Copy protection would be immensely useful, but unfortunately little is known about how to achieve it in general.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-10-19 Scott Aaronson , Jiahui Liu , Qipeng Liu , Mark Zhandry , Ruizhe Zhang