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Quantum communication is rapidly gaining popularity due to its high security and technological maturity. However, most implementations are limited to just two communicating parties (users). Quantum communication networks aim to connect a…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) networks hold promise for sharing secure randomness over multi-partities. Most existing QKD network schemes and demonstrations are based on trusted relays or limited to point-to-point scenario. Here, we…

We analyze the security of a quantum secure direct communication protocol equipped with authentication. We first propose a specifc attack on the protocol by which, an adversary can break the secret already shared between Alice and Bob, when…

To prove the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, several assumptions have to be imposed on users' devices. From an experimental point of view, it is preferable that such theoretical requirements are feasible and the number…

A Quantum Internet, i.e., a global interconnection of quantum devices, is the long term goal of quantum communications, and has so far been based on two-dimensional systems (qubits). Recent years have seen a significant development of…

Quantum key distribution protocols typically make use of a one-way quantum channel to distribute a shared secret string to two distant users. However, protocols exploiting a two-way quantum channel have been proposed as an alternative route…

Scalable quantum information processing will require quantum networks of qubits with the ability to coherently transfer quantum states between the desired sender and receiver nodes. Here we propose a scheme to implement a quantum router…

This paper introduces a new quantum protocol for secure direct communication. This protocol is based on Entanglement and Super-Dense coding. In this paper we present some basic definitions of entanglement in quantum mechanics, present how…

The emergence of Cryptographically Relevant Quantum Computers (CRQCs) presents a critical threat to classical cryptographic systems, particularly widely adopted protocols such as RSA, Diffie-Hellman (DH), and Elliptic Curve Cryptography…

The theoretically proven security of quantum key distribution (QKD) could revolutionise how information exchange is protected in the future. Several field tests of QKD have proven it to be a reliable technology for cryptographic key…

The Goldenberg-Vaidman (GV) protocol for quantum key distribution (QKD) uses orthogonal encoding states of a particle. Its security arises because operations accessible to Eve are insufficient to distinguish the two states encoding the…

Two schemes for sharing an arbitrary two-qubit state based on entanglement swapping are proposed with Bell-state measurements and local unitary operations. One is based on the quantum channel with four Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs…

Secure communication is one of the key applications of quantum networks. In recent years, following the demands for identity protection in classical communication protocols, the need for anonymity has also emerged for quantum networks.…

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is the explicit demonstration of the fact that the measurements of one party can in influence the quantum state held by another, distant, party, and do so even if the measurements themselves are…

This paper considers a problem of quantum communication between parties that are connected through a network of quantum channels. The model in this paper assumes that there is no prior entanglement shared among any of the parties, but that…

We present a deterministic secure direct communication scheme via entanglement swapping, where a set of ordered maximally entangled three-particle states (GHZ states), initially shared by three spatially separated parties, Alice, Bob and…

We show how continuous variable systems can allow the direct communication of messages with an acceptable degree of privacy. This is possible by combining a suitable phase-space encoding of the plain message with real-time checks of the…

Network-centric quantum communications (NQC) - a new, scalable instantiation of quantum cryptography providing key management with forward security for lightweight encryption, authentication and digital signatures in optical networks - is…

We consider one of the quantum key distribution protocols recently introduced in Ref. [Pirandola et al., Nature Physics 4, 726 (2008)]. This protocol consists in a two-way quantum communication between Alice and Bob, where Alice encodes…

We propose several methods for quantum key distribution (QKD) based upon the generation and transmission of random distributions of coherent or squeezed states, and we show that they are are secure against individual eavesdropping attacks.…