相关论文: Testing a Quantum Computer

We discuss whether, to what extent and how a quantum computing device can be evaluated and simulated using classical tools.

The generation of random numbers is a task of paramount importance in modern science. A central problem for both classical and quantum randomness generation is to estimate the entropy of the data generated by a given device. Here we present…

Quantum computing will change the way we tackle certain problems. It promises to dramatically speed-up many chemical, financial, and machine-learning applications. However, to capitalize on those promises, complex design flows composed of…

Errors in quantum programs are challenging to track down due to the uncertainty of quantum programs. Testing is, therefore, an indispensable method for assuring the quality of quantum software. Existing testing methods focus only on testing…

Although classical computing has excelled in a wide range of applications, there remain problems that push the limits of its capabilities, especially in fields like cryptography, optimization, and materials science. Quantum computing…

Quantum computing is one of the most promising technology advances of the latest years. Once only a conceptual idea to solve physics simulations, quantum computation is today a reality, with numerous machines able to execute quantum…

Quantum states are very delicate, so it is likely some sort of quantum error correction will be necessary to build reliable quantum computers. The theory of quantum error-correcting codes has some close ties to and some striking differences…

Quantum computers are expected to offer substantial speedups over their classical counterparts and to solve problems that are intractable for classical computers. Beyond such practical significance, the concept of quantum computation opens…

As a new research area, quantum software testing lacks systematic testing benchmarks to assess testing techniques' effectiveness. Recently, some open-source benchmarks and mutation analysis tools have emerged. However, there is insufficient…

Unlike most classical algorithms that take an input and give the solution directly as an output, quantum algorithms produce a quantum circuit that works as an indirect solution to computationally hard problems. In the full quantum computing…

Pseudo-random number generators are widely used in many branches of science, mainly in applications related to Monte Carlo methods, although they are deterministic in design and, therefore, unsuitable for tackling fundamental problems in…

Quantum simulators are a foundational component of the quantum software ecosystem. They are widely used to develop and debug quantum programs, validate compiler transformations, and support empirical claims about correctness and…

As the scale of quantum programs grows to match that of classical software, the nascent field of quantum software engineering must mature and tools such as debuggers will become increasingly important. However, developing a quantum debugger…

As quantum computing continues to mature, more developers are designing, coding, and simulating quantum circuits. A challenge exists, however, in debugging quantum circuits, particularly as they scale in size and complexity. Given the lack…

Quantum computing has existed in the theoretical realm for several decades. Recently, quantum computing has re-emerged as a promising technology to solve problems that a classical computer could take hundreds of years to solve. However,…

We introduce a single-number metric, quantum volume, that can be measured using a concrete protocol on near-term quantum computers of modest size ($n\lesssim 50$), and measure it on several state-of-the-art transmon devices, finding values…

We introduce a protocol addressing the conformance test problem, which consists in determining whether a process under test conforms to a reference one. We consider a process to be characterized by the set of end-product it produces, which…

Designing quantum processors is a complex task that demands advanced verification methods to ensure their correct functionality. However, traditional methods of comprehensively verifying quantum devices, such as quantum process tomography,…

Medium-scale quantum devices that integrate about hundreds of physical qubits are likely to be developed in the near future. However, such devices will lack the resources for realizing quantum fault tolerance. Therefore, the main challenge…

Optimization of circuits is an essential task for both quantum and classical computers to improve their efficiency. In contrast, classical logic optimization is known to be difficult, and a lot of heuristic approaches have been developed so…