相关论文: The Question Whether an Energy Gap Does Exist in H…

We discuss the main myths related to the vacuum energy and cosmological constant, such as: ``unbearable lightness of space-time''; the dominating contribution of zero point energy of quantum fields to the vacuum energy; non-zero vacuum…

We show that for a metastable system there exists a theoretical possibility of a violation of the Clausius inequality without a violation of the second law. Possibilities of experimental detection of this hypothetical violation are pointed…

In this paper, we review the issue of defining energy for test particles on a background stationary spacetime. We revisit the different notions of energy as defined by different observers. As is well known, the existence of a time-like…

Several new corrections of order $m\alpha^6$ to the energy levels of $S$ states in helium are obtained from radiative corrections to the Breit potential and from the polarization insertions in the two photon exchange graphs. While…

It is shown that within a quantum system, the wave field has a (potential) energy content that can be exchanged with quantum particles. Energy conservation in quantum systems holds if potential energy is correctly taken to be a field…

Aims. The main objective of this article is to provide a simple physical framework with permits a quantitative comparison of measurements of the temperature fluctuations in the ionized interstellar medium with possible mechanisms which can…

We consider a hydrogen atom in the background spacetimes generated by an infinitely thin cosmic string and by a point-like global monopole. In both cases, we find the solutions of the corresponding Dirac equations and we determine the…

A general discussion is made concerning the ways in which one can get signatures about a possible liquid-gas phase transition in nuclear matter. Microcanonical temperature, heat capacity and second order derivative of the entropy versus…

A non-equilibrium thermodynamic analysis has been done for the interacting dark fluid in the universe bounded by the event horizon.From observational evidences it is assumed that at present the matter in the universe is dominated by two…

A new superfluid phase in Fermi matter, termed as "interior gap" (IG) or "breached pair", has been recently predicted by Liu and Wilczek [Phys.Rev.Lett. {\bf 90}, 047002 (2003)]. This results from pairing between fermions of two species…

We study first-order phase transitions in a two-temperature system, where due to the time-scale separation all the basic thermodynamical quantities (free energy, entropy, etc) are well-defined. The sign of the latent heat is found to be…

Evidence implies that basic laws of thermodynamics must be tested by experiments. In this paper, an experiment is designed to measure the entropy of a system with at least one known (measurable) equation of state, especially the gas…

We discuss the accuracy of the abundance determinations of H II regions in our Galaxy and other galaxies. We focus on the main observational constraints derived from abundance determinations that have implications for models of galactic…

In classical Hamiltonian theories, entropy may be understood either as a statistical property of canonical systems, or as a mechanical property, that is, as a monotonic function of the phase space along trajectories. In classical mechanics,…

This paper investigates the effect of correlations in electronic bilayers on the longitudinal collective mode structure. We employ the dielectric permeability constructed by means of the classical theory of moments. It is shown that the…

This is a critical discussion of physical relevance of some space-time characteristics which are in current use in high energy physics.

A common feature in the thermodynamic analysis of homogeneous and isotropic world models is the assumption that the temperature of the fluids inside the cosmic horizon (including dark energy) coincides with the temperature of the latter,…

There could be a Higgs boson with a mass less than 100 GeV/c2 in the LEP data if its decay width and modes are not dominated by b quarks. At present, the quantum interference between signal and background processes has not been considered…

In this recent Letter [1], we studied the implications of string Swampland conjectures for quintessence models of dark energy. A couple of days ago, a paper appeared [2] which refers to our work but misrepresents what we have done. Here, we…

The outcome of helium burning is the formation of the two elements, carbon and oxygen. The ratio of carbon to oxygen at the end of helium burning is crucial for understanding the final fate of a progenitor star and the nucleosynthesis of…