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This note shows how quantum entanglement may be simulated in classical computing. The simulated entanglement protocol is implemented using oblivious transfer in the simplest case and other many-to-one mappings in more general cases. For the…

We formally represent the quantum interference of a single qubit embodied by a photon in the Mach-Zehnder interferometer using the classical Hamiltonian framework but with complex canonical variables. Although all operations on a single…

We study the change of multiparticle entanglement if one particle becomes classical, in the sense that this particle is destructed by a measurement, but the gained information is encoded into a new register. We present an estimation of this…

An essential element of classical computation is the "if-then" construct, that accepts a control bit and an arbitrary gate, and provides conditional execution of the gate depending on the value of the controlling bit. On the other hand,…

We consider a hybrid quantum system consisting of a qubit system continuously evolving according to its fixed own Hamiltonian and a quantum computer. The qubit system couples to a quantum computer through a fixed interaction Hamiltonian,…

We show that communication without a shared reference frame is possible using entangled states. Both classical and quantum information can be communicated with perfect fidelity without a shared reference frame at a rate that asymptotically…

Entanglement bits or ``ebits'' have been proposed as a quantitative measure of a fundamental resource in quantum information processing. For such an interpretation to be valid, it is important to show that the same number of ebits in…

Entanglement has been shown to be necessary for pure state quantum computation to have an advantage over classical computation. However, it remains open whether entanglement is necessary for quantum computers that use mixed states to also…

It has been recently suggested that the dynamics of a quantum spin system may provide a natural mechanism for transporting quantum information. We show that one dimensional rings of qubits with fixed (time-independent) interactions,…

Quantum mechanics increasingly penetrates modern technologies but, due to its non-deterministic nature seemingly contradicting our classical everyday world, our comprehension often stays elusive. Arguing along the correspondence principle,…

After carrying out a protocol for quantum key agreement over a noisy quantum channel, the parties Alice and Bob must process the raw key in order to end up with identical keys about which the adversary has virtually no information. In…

The mathematical framework of quantum theory, though fundamentally distinct from classical physics, raises the question of whether quantum processes can be efficiently simulated using classical resources. For instance, a sender (Alice)…

We show that any classical two-way communication protocol with shared randomness that can approximately simulate the result of applying an arbitrary measurement (held by one party) to a quantum state of $n$ qubits (held by another), up to…

Quantum mechanics allows operations to be in indefinite causal order. Recently there have been active discussions on enhanced communication strategies through exotic causal structures. In light of this, through the process matrix formalism,…

Classical teleportation is defined as a scenario where the sender is given the classical description of an arbitrary quantum state while the receiver simulates any measurement on it. This scenario is shown to be achievable by transmitting…

Copying the quantum states is contradictory to classical information processing since the fundamental difference between classical and quantum information is that while classical information can be copied perfectly, quantum information…

We analyze the quantum binary adder channel, i.e. the quantum generalization of the classical, and well-studied, binary adder channel: in this model qubits rather than classical bits are transmitted. This of course is as special case of the…

Quantum computers process information with the laws of quantum mechanics. Current quantum hardware is noisy, can only store information for a short time, and is limited to a few quantum bits, i.e., qubits, typically arranged in a planar…

Quantum entanglement, perhaps the most non-classical manifestation of quantum information theory, cannot be used to transmit information between remote parties. Yet, it can be used to reduce the amount of communication required to process a…

We consider the problem of trying to send a single classical bit through a noisy quantum channel when two transmissions through the channel are available as a resource. Classically, two transmissions add nothing to the receiver's capability…