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We show an eavesdropping scheme, by which the eavesdropper can achieve the full information of the key against the protocol [Kye et al., PRL 95 040501 (2005)] with a probability of unity and will not be discovered by the the legitimate…

量子物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Qiang Zhang , Xiang-Bin Wang , Yu-Ao Chen , Tao Yang , Jian-Wei Pan

Security of the Ekert protocol is proven against individual attacks where an eavesdropper is allowed to share any density matrix with the two communicating parties. The density matrix spans all of the photon number states of both receivers,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2013-05-29 Edo Waks , Assaf Zeevi , Yoshihisa Yamamoto

We investigate the possibility of eavesdropping on a quantum key distribution network by local sequential quantum unsharp measurement attacks by the eavesdropper. In particular, we consider a pure two-qubit state shared between two parties…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-12-08 Yash Wath , Hariprasad M , Freya Shah , Shashank Gupta

A fully general approach to the security analysis of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) is presented. Provided that the quantum channel is estimated via the covariance matrix of the quadratures, Gaussian attacks are shown…

量子物理 · 物理学 2009-11-13 Raul Garcia-Patron , Nicolas J. Cerf

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises provably secure communications. In order to improve the secret key rate, combining a biased basis choice with the decoy-state method is proposed. Concomitantly, there is a basis-independent detection…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-08-11 Hua-Lei Yin , Peng Liu , Wei-Wei Dai , Zhao-Hui Ci , Jie Gu , Tian Gao , Qiang-Wei Wang , Zi-Yao Shen

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a provably secure way of generating a secret key, which can later be used for encoding and decoding information. In this paper we analyze the effects of an eavesdropper's variable-strength measurements on…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-10-01 Yuval Idan , Tal Gofman , Ziv Abelson , Isabelle Cestier , Elad Mentovich , Eliahu Cohen

The Bennett-Brassard 1984 (BB84) protocol is the most widely implemented quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme. However, despite enormous theoretical and experimental efforts in the past decades, the security of this protocol with imperfect…

We propose an information-theoretically secure encryption scheme for classical messages with quantum ciphertexts that offers detection of eavesdropping attacks, and re-usability of the key in case no eavesdropping took place: the entire key…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-05-22 Serge Fehr , Louis Salvail

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables secure key sharing between distant parties, with several protocols proven resilient against conventional eavesdropping strategies. Here, we introduce a new attack scenario where an eavesdropper, Eve,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-02-11 Sumit Nandi , Biswaranjan Panda , Pankaj Agrawal , Arun K Pati

Quantum key distribution (QKD) can be used to generate secret keys between two distant parties. Even though QKD has been proven unconditionally secure against eavesdroppers with unlimited computation power, practical implementations of QKD…

量子物理 · 物理学 2007-07-13 Chi-Hang Fred Fung , Bing Qi , Kiyoshi Tamaki , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two remote parties to grow a shared secret key. Its security is founded on the principles of quantum mechanics, but in reality it significantly relies on the physical implementation. Technological…

Information-theoretical security of quantum key distribution (QKD) has been convincingly proven in recent years and remarkable experiments have shown the potential of QKD for real world applications. Due to its unique capability of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-03-26 Marco Lucamarini , James F. Dynes , Bernd Fröhlich , Zhiliang Yuan , Andrew J. Shields

Quantum key distribution algorithms are considered secure because they leverage quantum phenomena to provide security. As such, eavesdroppers can be detected by analyzing the error rate in the shared key obtained by the parties performing…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-12-12 Christopher Dunne

This paper discusses the use of computer-aided verification as a practical means for analysing quantum information systems; specifically, the BB84 protocol for quantum key distribution is examined using this method. This protocol has been…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2007-05-23 Rajagopal Nagarajan , Nikolaos Papanikolaou , Garry Bowen , Simon Gay

The security of quantum key distribution has traditionally been analyzed in either the asymptotic or non-asymptotic regimes. In this paper, we provide a bridge between these two regimes, by determining second-order coding rates for key…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-07-27 Sumeet Khatri , Eneet Kaur , Saikat Guha , Mark M. Wilde

We propose a new kind of individual attack, based on randomly selected dissipation, on Bennett-Brassard 1984 protocol of practical quantum key distribution (QKD) system with lossy and noisy quantum channel. Since an adversary with super…

量子物理 · 物理学 2013-05-27 Li Yang , Bing Zhu

In practical quantum key distribution (QKD) system, the state preparation and measurement are imperfect comparing with the ideal BB84 protocol, which are always state-dependent in practical realizations. If the state-dependent imperfections…

量子物理 · 物理学 2011-12-21 Hong-Wei Li , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Zheng-Fu Han , Wan-Su Bao , Guang-Can Guo

For the four-state protocol of quantum key distribution, optimum sets of probe parameters are calculated for the most general unitary probe in which each individual transmitted photon is made to interact with the probe so that the signal…

量子物理 · 物理学 2016-09-08 Howard E. Brandt

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol has been proved to provide unconditionally secure key between two remote legitimate users in theory. Key distribution signals are transmitted in a quantum channel which is established by the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-03-14 Yang-Yang Fei , Xiang-Dong Meng , Ming Gao , Hong Wang , Zhi Ma

Practical quantum key distribution (QKD) systems operate under noise, but security of most protocols have been analyzed under ideal noiseless scenarios. In this work, we investigated security performance of BB84 protocol under effect of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-21 Wajiha Masood , Muhammad Waseem , Afshan Irshad