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Artificial intelligence is widely used in everyday life. However, an insufficient computing efficiency due to the so-called von Neumann bottleneck cannot satisfy the demand for real-time processing of rapidly growing data. Memristive…

Today's heavy machine learning tasks are fueled by large datasets. Computing is performed with power hungry processors whose performance is ultimately limited by the data transfer to and from memory. Optics is one of the powerful means of…

With the broad recent research on ferroelectric hafnium oxide for non-volatile memory technology, depolarization effects in HfO2-based ferroelectric devices gained a lot of interest. Understanding the physical mechanisms regulating the…

Different real-world cognitive tasks evolve on different relevant timescales. Processing these tasks requires memory mechanisms able to match their specific time constants. In particular, the working memory utilizes mechanisms that span…

Optimization problems are central to many important cross-disciplinary applications.In their conventional implementations, the sequential nature of operations imposes strict limitations on the computational efficiency. Here, we discuss how…

In lifelong learning, data are used to improve performance not only on the present task, but also on past and future (unencountered) tasks. While typical transfer learning algorithms can improve performance on future tasks, their…

The fast-growing field of soft matter research requires increasingly sophisticated tools for experimental studies. One of the oldest and most widely used tools to study soft matter systems is optical microscopy. Recent advances in optical…

Quantum memories are essential for quantum information processing and long-distance quantum communication. The field has recently seen a lot of progress, and the present focus issue offers a glimpse of these developments, showing both…

Application-specific optical processors have been considered disruptive technologies for modern computing that can fundamentally accelerate the development of artificial intelligence (AI) by offering substantially improved computing…

Molecular polaritons are the optical excitations which emerge when molecular transitions interact strongly with confined electromagnetic fields. Increasing interest in the hybrid molecular-photonic materials that host these excitations…

We propose a scheme to generate temporal vector optical solitons in a lifetime broadened five-state atomic medium via electromagnetically induced transparency. We show that this scheme, which is fundamentally different from the passive one…

Pulsating behavior is a universal phenomenon in versatile fields. In nonlinear dissipative systems, the solitons could also pulsate under proper conditions and show many interesting dynamics. However, the pulsation dynamics is generally…

Scalable persistent memory (PM) has opened up new opportunities for building indexes that operate and persist data directly on the memory bus, potentially enabling instant recovery, low latency and high throughput. When real PM hardware…

High-performance quantum memory for quantized states of light is a prerequisite building block of quantum information technology. Despite great progresses of optical quantum memories based on interactions of light and atoms, physical…

Correlated phases of matter provide long-term stability for systems as diverse as solids, magnets, and potential exotic quantum materials. Mechanical systems, such as relays and buckling transition spring switches can yield similar…

Quantum memory is an important component in the long-distance quantum communication system based on the quantum repeater protocol. To outperform the direct transmission of photons with quantum repeaters, it is crucial to develop quantum…

This paper presents a practical writing/reading scheme in nonvolatile memories, called balanced modulation, for minimizing the asymmetric component of errors. The main idea is to encode data using a balanced error-correcting code. When…

In medical imaging, technical progress or changes in diagnostic procedures lead to a continuous change in image appearance. Scanner manufacturer, reconstruction kernel, dose, other protocol specific settings or administering of contrast…

Electronic computers have evolved drastically over the past years with an ever-growing demand for improved performance. However, the transfer of information from memory and high energy consumption have emerged as issues that require…

The main problem about replacing LTP as a memory mechanism has been to find other highly abstract, easily understandable principles for induced plasticity. In this paper we attempt to lay out such a basic mechanism, namely intrinsic…