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Shadowgraphy is a technique widely used to diagnose objects or systems in various fields in physics and engineering. In shadowgraphy, an optical beam is deflected by the object and then the intensity modulation is captured on a screen…

Laser-plasma based experiments are always more demanding about the plasma features which need to be generated during the interaction. This is valid for laser-plasma acceleration as well as for inertial confinement fusion experiments. Most…

Ultrafast shadowgraphy is a new experimental technique that uses few cycle laser pulses to image density gradients in a rapidly evolving plasma. It enables structures that move at speeds close to the speed of light, such as laser driven…

The advances in Charge Coupled Devices in one hand and the high resolution measurements of holographic technique on the other hand, we have adopted the method of digital real-time holographic interferometry for the diagnostics of high…

Expanding laser plasmas, produced by high energy laser radiation, possess both high thermal and magnetic field energy density. Characterization of such plasma is challenging but needed for understanding of its physical behaviour. Among all…

Direct observation of the droplet breakup process in high-speed gas flows is a critical challenge that needs to be addressed to elucidate the physical mechanisms underlying the fragmentation phenomenon. Here, we present a high-magnification…

We introduce a novel in-situ strong field ionization tomography approach for characterizing the spatial density distribution of gas jets. We show that for typical intensities in high harmonic generation experiments, the strong field…

Recently, two novel techniques for the extraction of the phase-shift map (Tomassini {\it et.~al.}, Applied Optics {\bf 40} 35 (2001)) and the electronic density map estimation (Tomassini P. and Giulietti A., Optics Communication {\bf 199},…

In the presence of an external magnetic field, wake fields generated by a short laser pulse can propagate out of the plasma, and thereby provide information about the electron density profile. A method for reconstructing the density profile…

Using spectral interferometry technique, we measured subpicosecond time-resolved pre-plasma scale lengths and early expansion ($<$ 12 ps) of the plasma produced by a high intensity (2$\times$10$^{18}$ W/cm$^{2}$) pulse with ultra-high…

This paper describes a 561 nm laser heterodyne interferometer that provides time-resolved measurements of line-integrated plasma electron density within the range of 10^15-10^18 cm^(-2). Such plasmas are produced by railguns on the Plasma…

Incoherent Thomson scattering is a non-intrusive technique commonly used for measuring local plasma density. Within low-density, low-temperature plasma's and for sufficient laser intensity, the laser may perturb the local electron density…

We introduce an all-optical quantum-enhanced diagnostic for electric fields in low-temperature plasmas. Trace amounts of rubidium vapor, added to argon plasma, allow us to produce spectrally narrow electric field-sensitive optical…

A sensitive optical diffractometry method is developed and utilized for advanced tomography of laser-induced air plasma formations. Using transverse diffractometry and Supergaussian plasma distribution modelling we extract the main…

We propose a novel method of determination of the dust particle spatial distribution in dust clouds that form in three-dimensional (3D) complex plasmas under microgravity conditions. The method utilizes the data obtained during the 3D…

A multi-chord fiber-coupled interferometer [Merritt et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 033506 (2012)] is being used to make time-resolved density measurements of supersonic argon plasma jets on the Plasma Liner Experiment [Hsu et al., Bull.…

We present a space and time resolved interferometric plasma diagnostic for use on plasmas where neutral-bound electron contribution to the refractive index cannot be neglected. By recording simultaneously the plasma optical index at 532 and…

Collective effects, such as waves and instabilities, are integral to our understanding of most plasma phenomena. We have been able to study these in ultracold neutral plasmas by shaping the initial density distribution through spatial…

Ultra-stable, quasi-monochromatic laser light forms the basis for high-precision interferometric measurements, e.g. for observing gravitational waves and for time keeping with optical clocks. Optical frequency conversion enables access to…

Ultrahigh peak power femtosecond laser pulses create extreme states of matter that are currently being probed with great interest. Plasma optics have been proposed for shaping and amplifying high-power pulses, but they are subject to huge…