相关论文: Nature and Quantization of the Proton Mass: An Ele…

The visible world is founded on the proton, the only composite building block of matter that is stable in nature. Consequently, understanding the formation of matter relies on explaining the dynamics and the properties of the proton's bound…

We treat the mass of a proton as the total static energy which can be separated into two parts that come from the contribution of quarks and gluons respectively. We adopt the essential of the bag model of hadron to discuss the structure of…

A conjecture on the origin of elementary particle masses is discussed, based on the micro-universe and quantum state reduction concepts. The reduction of the quantum state of a real particle is understood to take place objectively; in every…

In this paper we investigate the link between classical electrodynamics and the mass-energy equivalence principle, in view of the conclusions reached in ref.[1]. A formula for the radius of a charged particle is derived. The formula…

Motivated by a revision of the classical equations of electromagnetism that allow for the inclusion of solitary waves in the solution space, the material collected in these notes examines the consequences of adopting the modified model in…

We discuss the Cottingham formula and evaluate the proton-neutron electromagnetic mass difference exploiting the state-of-the-art phenomenological input. We decompose individual contributions to the mass splitting into Born, inelastic and…

In contemporary particle physics, the masses of fundamental particles are incalculable constants, being supplied by experimental values. Inspired by observation of the empirical particle mass spectrum, and their corresponding physical…

Visible matter is characterised by a single mass scale; namely, the proton mass. The proton's existence and structure are supposed to be described by quantum chromodynamics (QCD); yet, absent Higgs boson couplings, chromodynamics is scale…

An attempt to explain with the classical stands a number of statements of the quantum mechanics has been done. At this the Plank constant appears as consequence of demand of nucleon stability. Proton can be imagined as a rotating disk which…

The fundamental equations of particle motion lead to a modified Poisson equation including dynamic charge. This charge derives from density oscillations of a particle; it is not discrete, but continuous. Within the dynamic model of hydrogen…

The electromagnetic form factors are crucial to our understanding of the proton internal structure, and thus provide a strong constraint of the distributions of the charge and magnetization current within the proton. We adopted the…

The quest for the value of the electron's atomic mass has been subject of continuing efforts over the last decades. Among the seemingly fundamental constants which parameterize the Standard Model (SM) of physics and which are thus…

The present paper is based upon ideas and results obtained in an earlier paper by the author devoted to a new formulation of quantum electrodynamics. The equations derived in that paper depict the structure and properties of the electron as…

Astrophysical observations indicate a time variation of the proton-electron mass ratio and of the fine-structure constant. We discuss this phenomenon in models of Grand Unification. In these models a time variation of the fine-structure…

Most of the mass of everyday objects resides in atomic nuclei; the total of the electrons' mass adds up to less than one part in a thousand. The nuclei are composed of nucleons---protons and neutrons---whose nuclear binding energy, though…

A system of two initially homogeneous, physically real fields uniformly attracted to each other is considered as the simplest basis of the self-developing world structure. It is shown that the system is unstable against periodic cycles of…

The paper deals with the problem of describing fundamental particles. The Einstein-Rosen approach was revisited to explain que charge-mass ratio quantization. Such a result is obtained once a quantization prescription is applied to the…

I discuss the scope and naturalness of the proton mass decomposition (or sum rule) published in PRL74, 1071 (1995) and answer a few criticisms that appeared recently in the literature, focusing particularly on its interpretation and the…

This article proposes a concept called Condensed Electromagnetic Radiation (CER) as the electromagnetic origin of mass particles. An overwhelming amount of experimental evidence is consistent with the CER concept as a fundamental…

The classical concept of "mass density" is not fundamental to the quantum theory of matter. Therefore, mass density cannot be the source of gravitation. Here, we treat electromagnetic energy, momentum, and stress as its source. The…