相关论文: Le Chatelier Response
The thermodynamic aspects of the polymorphic phase transition from {\alpha}-indomethacin to {\gamma}-indomethacin are the fundamental key to find the most bioavailable phase of indomethacin. In the present work, varying the temperature and…
We discuss the non-equilibrium critical phenomena in liquids, and the models for these phenomena based on local equilibrium and extended scaling assumptions. Special situations are proposed for experimental tests of the theory.…
In striking contrast to equilibrium systems, inertia can profoundly alter the structure of active systems. Here, we demonstrate that driven systems can exhibit effective equilibrium-like states with increasing particle inertia, despite…
For arbitrary non-equilibrium transformations in complex systems, we show that the distance between the current state and a target state can be decomposed into two terms: one corresponding to an independent estimate of the distance, and…
The approach to the analysis of the dynamic of non-equilibrium open systems within the framework of the laws of classical mechanics on the example a hard-disks is offered. This approach was based on Hamilton and Liouville generalized…
For macroscopic systems, the second law of thermodynamics establishes an inequality between the amount of work performed on a system in contact with a thermal reservoir, and the change in its free energy. For microscopic systems, this…
In this and a companion paper we outline a general framework for the thermodynamic description of open chemical reaction networks, with special regard to metabolic networks regulating cellular physiology and biochemical functions. We first…
We present a simple quantum open system to show quantitatively how entanglement decoherence is related to the energy transfer between the system of interest and its environment. Particularly, in the case of the exact entanglement…
Chemical reactions subjected to time-varying external forces cannot generally be described through a fixed bottleneck near the transition state barrier or dividing surface. A naive dividing surface attached to the instantaneous, but moving,…
Chemical oscillation is an interesting nonlinear dynamical phenomenon which arises due to complex stability condition of the steady state of a reaction far away from equilibrium which is usually characterised by a periodic attractor or a…
These lecture notes describe a basic theory of chemically active droplets, which are droplets kept away from equilibrium by driven chemical reactions. The notes assume a basic familiarity with equilibrium thermodynamics of phase separation,…
We use dynamic equations to derive a relation between correlation functions and response or relaxation functions in many-body systems. The relation is very general and holds both in equilibrium, when the usual fluctuation-dissipation…
We consider a macroscopic system in contact with boundary reservoirs and/or under the action of an external field. We discuss the case in which the external forcing depends explicitly on time and drives the system from a nonequilibrium…
We study a stochastic two-species chemical reaction system with two mechanisms. One mechanism consists of chemical interactions which govern the overall drift of species amounts in the system; the other mechanism consists of resampling,…
The interaction of an open system $\s$ with a pre- and post-selected environment is studied. In general, under such circumstances $\s$ can not be described in terms of a density matrix, {\it even when $\s$ in not post-selected}. However, a…
Small thermodynamic systems exhibit peculiar behavior different from that observed in long-scale systems. Non-equilibrium processes taking place in those systems are strongly influenced by the presence of fluctuations which can be large.…
The energy available for gamma(*)gamma(*) physics at LEP2 is opening a new window on the study of diffractive phenomena, both non-perturbative and perturbative. We discuss some of the uncertainties and problems connected with the…
Close to equilibrium, the excess heat governs the static fluctuations. We study the heat capacity in that McLennan regime, i.e., in linear order around equilibrium, using an expression in terms of the average energy that extends the…
Fluctuations of energy and heat are investigated during the relaxation following the instantaneous temperature quench of an extended system. Results are obtained analytically for the Gaussian model and for the large $N$ model quenched below…
Couplings of a system to other degrees of freedom (that is, environmental degrees of freedom) lead to energy dissipation when the number of environmental degrees of freedom is large enough. Here we discuss quantal treatments for such energy…