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Solid-oxide fuel cells produce electric current from energy released by a spontaneous electrochemical reaction. The efficiency of these devices depends crucially on the microstructure of their electrodes and, in particular, on the…
The efficiency of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell depends on the mobility of protons in the PEM, which is determined by the hydration and temperature of the membrane. While optical techniques or neutron or x-ray scattering…
Metal hydrides have been studied for use in energy storage, hydrogen storage, and air-conditioning (A/C) systems. A common architecture for A/C and energy storage systems is two metal hydride reactors connected to each other so that…
The rapid, unsustainable depletion of finite fossil fuel resources and their environmental consequences demand the deployment of affordable clean and sustainable energy solutions. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology is…
We analyze the structural behavior of a single polymer chain grafted to an attractive, flexible surface. Our model is composed of a coarse-grained bead-and-spring polymer and a tethered membrane. By means of extensive parallel tempering…
We formally derive an effective catalyst layer model comprising the reduction of oxygen for periodically distributed pore geometries. By assumption, the pores are completely filled with water and the surrounding walls consist of catalyst…
Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEM) in combination with good electrolyte solvents, e.g., ionic liquids (ILs) are potential candidates for the new generation of electrochemical separators. Swelling PEM with aqueous IL solutions is one way to…
This article presents new hexagonal and pentagonal PEM fuel cell models. The models have been optimized after achieving improved cell performance. The input parameters of the multi-objective optimization algorithm were pressure and…
We have developed a non-isothermal analytical model for the impedance of the cathode catalyst layer (CCL) in a PEM fuel cell. In-phase harmonic perturbations to the current density and temperature reduce the impedance and the static…
A nanoscale-sized Stirling engine with an atomistic working fluid has been modeled using molecular dynamics simulation. The design includes heat exchangers based on thermostats, pistons attached to a flywheel under load, and a regenerator.…
Identifying coherent flow structures in chemical reactors is crucial for understanding the mixing dynamics, which is essential for optimizing reactor performance. We demonstrate the use of a transfer operator method to find coherent flow…
This paper describes an embedded boundary (EB) approach for simulating three-dimensional fluid flow on a staggered mesh where the velocity components are defined on cell faces and the thermodynamic state is defined on cell centers. Most EB…
A proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) for low power and portable applications is studied with thermal neutron radiography. The PEMFC operates under full passive conditions, with an air-breathing cathode and a dead-end anode supplied…
A one-dimensional and stationary reactor model is presented to describe the catalytic conversion of a gaseous hydrocarbon fuel with air and steam to synthesis gas by autothermal reforming (ATR) and catalytic partial oxidation (CPO). The…
Scalable hydrogen production using proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers depends on overcoming efficiency losses arising from coupled multiphase, multicomponent transport and interfacial phenomena across the membrane electrode…
Micro fuel cells ($\mu$-FC) represent promising power sources for portable applications. Today, one of the technological ways to make $\mu$-FC is to have recourse to standard microfabrication techniques used in the fabrication of micro…
A novel metasurface unit cell architecture is proposed to enable independent control of the reflection magnitude and phase at a desired operation frequency, while maintaining linear polarization of the incoming fields. The proposed…
The design of divertor targets and baffles for optimal heat and particle exhaust from magnetically confined fusion plasmas requires a combination of fast, low-fidelity models (such as EMC3-lite [1]) for scoping studies and high-fidelity…
Mobile robots are often needed for long duration missions. These include search and rescue, sentry, repair, surveillance and entertainment. Current power supply technology limit walking and climbing robots from many such missions. Internal…
This paper proposes a computationally efficient simulation strategy for cold thermal energy storage (TES) systems based on phase change material (PCM). Taking as a starting point the recent design of a TES system based on PCM, designed to…