相关论文: Particle Freeze-out and Discontinuities in Relativ…
Discontinuities in relativistic hydrodynamics - shock waves and freeze-out shocks - are considered across both space-like and time-like hypersurfaces. We analyze the peculiar features of the freeze-out discontinuities and their connection…
The particle emission in relativistic hydrodynamic model is formulated assuming a sharp 3-dimensional space-time freeze-out hypersurface. The boundary conditions correspond to the energy-momentum and charge conservation between fluid and…
We have formulated a self-consistent model of freeze-out on an arbitrary hypersurface. It conserves energy and momentum across the discontinuity between ideal fluid and the gas of free particles. Energy and momentum of those free particles…
Freeze-out of particles across 3-dimensional space-time hypersurface with space-like normal is discussed in a simple kinetic model. The final momentum distribution of emitted particles shows a non-exponential transverse momentum spectrum,…
In fluid dynamical models the freeze out of particles across a three dimensional space-time hypersurface is discussed. The calculation of final momentum distribution of emitted particles is described for freeze out surfaces, with both…
We study the effects of strict conservation laws and the problem of negative contributions to final momentum distribution during the freeze out through 3-dimensional hypersurfaces with space-like normal. We study some suggested solutions…
We investigate freeze--out in hydrodynamic models for relativistic heavy--ion collisions. In particular, instantaneous freeze--out across a hypersurface of constant temperature (``isothermal'' freeze--out) is compared with that across a…
The relativistic kinetic equations for the two domains separated by the hypersurface with both space- and time-like parts are derived. The particle exchange between the domains separated by the time-like boundaries generates source terms…
A survey of various mechanisms for particle emission in hydrodynamics is presented. First, in the case of sudden freeze out, the problem of negative contributions in the Cooper-Frye formula and ways out are presented. Then the separate…
Here I discuss some implicit assumptions of modern hydrodynamic models and argue that their accuracy cannot be better than 10-15 %. Then I formulate the correct conservation laws for the fluid emitting particles from an arbitrary freeze-out…
A finite unbound system which is equilibrium in one reference frame is in general nonequilibrium in another frame. This is a consequence of the relative character of the time synchronization in the relativistic physics. This puzzle was a…
We investigate the behavior of a one-dimensional diatomic fluid under a shock wave excitation. We find that the properties of the resulting shock wave are in striking contrast with those predicted by hydrodynamic and kinetic approaches,…
The relativistic hydrodynamical equations are being examined with the aim of extracting the quantum-mechanical equations (the relativistic Klein-Gordon equation and the Schr\"odinger equation in the non-relativistic limit). In both cases it…
Freeze out of particles across a space-time hypersurface is discussed in kinetic models. The calculation of final momentum distribution of emitted particles is described for freeze out surfaces, with spacelike normals. The resulting…
Most hydrodynamical calculations used in heavy-ion physics ignore the effect of freeze-out matter carrying energy and momentum away from the expanding fluid. In a simple one-dimensional model we compare calculated energy density and…
From an analysis of various types of data obtained in relativistic nuclear collisions, the following picture has emerged in thermal and hydrodynamical descriptions: as the fluid expands and cools, particles first undergo a chemical freeze…
A detailed analysis of the coupled relativistic kinetic equations for two domains separated by a hypersurface having both space- and time-like parts is presented. Integrating the derived set of transport equations, we obtain the correct…
In this paper, we aim to address several important issues about the recently developed lattice Boltzmann (LB) model for relativistic hydrodynamics [M. Mendoza et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 014502 (2010); Phys. Rev. D 82, 105008 (2010)].…
Freeze-out procedure accepted in the model of 3-fluid dynamics (3FD) is analyzed. This procedure is formulated in terms of drain terms in hydrodynamic equations. Dynamics of the freeze-out is illustrated by 1-dimensional simulations. It is…
In the causal theory of relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics, there are conditions on the equation of state and other thermodynamic properties such as the second-order coefficients of a fluid that need to be satisfied to guarantee that…