相关论文: Spectator Response to the Participant Blast
We present the simulations of heavy-ion collisions in terms of participant-spectator matter. We find that this matter depends crucially on the collision dynamics and history of the nucleons. The important changes in the momentum space are…
We analyze the thermodynamical state of nuclear matter in transport calculations of heavy--ion reactions. In particular we determine temperatures and radial flow parameters from an analysis of fragment energy spectra and compare to local…
Precise momentum distributions of identified projectile fragments, formed in the reactions 238U + Pb and 238U + Ti at 1 A GeV, are measured with a high-resolution magnetic spectrometer. With increasing mass loss, the velocities first…
We study the participant-spectator matter at the energy of vanishing flow for neutron-rich systems. Our study reveals similar behaviour of articipant-spectator for neutron-rich systems as for stable systems and also points towards nearly…
We aim to study the participant-spectator matter over a wide range of energies of vanishing flow and masses. For this, we employed different model parameters at central and semi-central colliding geometries. Remarkably, a nearly mass…
We investigate the thermodynamical properties of nuclear matter in heavy ion collisions, in particular with respect to questions of thermodynamical instability, phase transitions and fragmentation. For this we analyze results of…
In peripheral high-energy heavy-ion collisions only parts of colliding nuclei interact leading to the production of a fireball. The remnants of such nuclei are called spectators. We estimated the excitation energy as a function of impact…
In peripheral heavy-ion collisions at ultra-relativistic energies, usually only parts of the colliding nuclei effectively interact with each other. In the overlapping zone, a fireball or quark-gluon plasma is produced. The excitation energy…
Observables in heavy-ion collisions are generally categorized into centralities, which reflect an average over events within a range of impact parameter including a wide variety of initial state configurations. A multiple binning method…
We study the participant-spectator matter, density and temperature reached in heavy-ion reactions of neutron-rich systems having N/Z varying from 1.0 to 2.0 at 50 and 250 MeV/nucleon. The N/Z dependence of these quantities is also…
We aim to study the participant-spectator matter over a wide range of energies of vanish- ing flow and masses. For this, we have employed different model parameters at central and semi-central colliding geometries. A nearly mass independent…
Longitudinal particle production in heavy-ion collisions is influenced both by preferential emission from participating nucleons and by the breakup of spectator matter, yet quantifying these effects experimentally remains challenging. We…
Interplay between the spectator and participant matter in heavy-ion collisions is investigated within isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD) model in term of rapidity distribution of light charged particles. The effect of…
We simulate the central reactions of nearly symmetric, and asymmetric systems, for the energies at which the maximum production of IMFs occurs (E$_{c.m.}^{peak}$).This study is carried out by using hard EOS along with cugnon cross section…
We study the beam energy dependence of equilibration process and space-time characteristics of participant and spectator matter. For this, we simulated the semi-central collisions of $^{40}Ca+ ^{40}Ca$ at incident energies of 400, 600 and…
The electromagnetic effects on charged pion ($\pi^+,\pi^-$) spectra provide new, independent information on the space-time evolution of the ultrarelativistic heavy ion collision. The spectator life time and its excitation energy may also be…
The correlation between the mean transverse momentum and the harmonic flow coefficients is an observable which is of great interest; it is sensitive to shape fluctuations in the initial state of a relativistic nuclear collision. The…
We estimate the electromagnetic effect of the spectator charge on the momentum spectra of charged pions produced in peripheral Pb+Pb collisions at SPS energies. We find a large effect which results in strongly varying structures in the…
We estimate the electromagnetic effect of the spectator charge on the momentum spectra of $\pi^+$ and $\pi^-$ produced in peripheral Pb+Pb collisions at SPS energies. We find that the effect is large and results in strongly varying…
In peripheral collisions of relativistic heavy ions highly excited spectators containing Lambda-hyperons can be produced. Such strange spectator matter may undergo a break-up into many fragments (multifragmentation) as it is well…