相关论文: Emergence is coupled to scope, not level

There has been much controversy over weak and strong emergence in physics and biology. As pointed out by Phil Anderson in many papers, the existence of broken symmetries is the key to emergence of properties in much of solid state physics.…

We propose a new type of entropic descriptor that is able to quantify the statistical complexity (a measure of complex behaviour) by taking simultaneously into account the average departures of a system's entropy S from both its maximum…

We revisit the maximum-entropy inference of the state of a finite-level quantum system under linear constraints. The constraints are specified by the expected values of a set of fixed observables. We point out the existence of…

In abstract terms, ecosystem ecology is about determining when two ecosystems, superficially different, are alike in some deeper way. An external observer can choose any ecosystem property as being important. In contrast, two ecosystems are…

In a quantum system, there may be many density matrices associated with a state on an algebra of observables. For each density matrix, one can compute its entropy. These are in general different. Therefore one reaches the remarkable…

In this paper I conceptualise a novel approach for capturing coincidences between events that have not necessarily an observed causal relationship. Building on the Transcendental Information Cascades approach I outline a tensor theory of…

Recent developments have shown that some semiclassical spacetimes cannot emerge from a traditional application of the rules of holography, prompting proposals for restoring their emergence with "observer rules". In this paper, we propose a…

Percolation is an emblematic model to assess the robustness of interconnected systems when some of their components are corrupted. It is usually investigated in simple scenarios, such as the removal of the system's units in random order, or…

A notion of entropy is introduced for causal fermion systems. This entropy is a measure of the state of disorder of a causal fermion system at a given time compared to the vacuum. The definition is given both in the finite and…

We do not attempt to provide yet another definition of selforganization, but explore the conditions under which we can model a system as self-organizing. These involve the dynamics of entropy, and the purpose, aspects, and description level…

Our aim in this set of lectures is to give an introduction to critical phenomena that emphasizes the emergence of and the role played by diverging length-scales. It is now accepted that renormalization group gives the basic understanding of…

How many parameters are required for a model to execute a given task? It has been argued that large language models, pre-trained via self-supervised learning, exhibit emergent capabilities such as multi-step reasoning as their number of…

Abstraction is a powerful idea widely used in science, to model, reason and explain the behavior of systems in a more tractable search space, by omitting irrelevant details. While notions of abstraction have matured for deterministic…

We show that if one starts with a Universe with some matter and a cosmological constant, then quantum mechanics naturally induces an attractive gravitational potential and an effective Newton's coupling. Thus gravity is an emergent…

Recently found accelarated expansion of our Universe is due to the presence of a new kind of matter called "$\Lambda$ - field" or quintessence. The limitations on its equation of state are found from the fact of its unclustering at all…

The observed architecture of ecological and socio-economic networks differs significantly from that of random networks. From a network science standpoint, non-random structural patterns observed in real networks call for an explanation of…

In previous work, I described several examples combining reduction and emergence: where reduction is understood a la Ernest Nagel, and emergence is understood as behaviour or properties that are novel (by some salient standard). Here, my…

In contrast with classical approaches, we present the project based on considering Collective Behaviours as coherent sequences of states adopted by different single systems consisting of the same elements interacting over time in different…

Non-classical states that are characterized by their non-positive quasi-probabilities in phase space are known to be the basis for various quantum effects. In this work, we investigate the interrelation between the non-classicality and…

The dynamical properties and mechanical functions of amorphous materials are governed by their microscopic structures, particularly the elasticity of the interaction networks, which is generally complicated by structural heterogeneity. This…