相关论文: Measurable Sensitivity
"Weak measurements" -- involving a weak unitary interaction between a quantum system and a meter followed by a projective measurement -- are investigated when the system has a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. We show in particular how the…
The sensitivity parameter is widely used in measuring the severity of fine-tuning, while many examples show it doesn't work under certain circumstances. The validity of the sensitivity is in question. We argue that the dimensional effect is…
The core of Heisenberg's heuristic argument for the uncertainty principle, involving the famous $\gamma$-ray microscope $\textit{Gedankenexperiment}$, hinges upon the existence of measurements that irreversibly alter the state of the system…
In observational studies, identification of ATEs is generally achieved by assuming that the correct set of confounders has been measured and properly included in the relevant models. Because this assumption is both strong and untestable, a…
The existence of incompatible measurements, epitomized by Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, is one of the distinctive features of quantum theory. So far, quantum incompatibility has been studied for measurements that test the preparation…
Nonlinearity in many systems is heavily dependent on component variation and environmental factors such as temperature. This is often overcome by keeping signals close enough to the device's operating point that it appears approximately…
Reliability sensitivity analysis is concerned with measuring the influence of a system's uncertain input parameters on its probability of failure. Statistically dependent inputs present a challenge in both computing and interpreting these…
We show that density models describing multiple observables with (i) hard boundaries and (ii) dependence on external parameters may be created using an auto-regressive Gaussian mixture model. The model is designed to capture how observable…
In causal inference, sensitivity models assess how unmeasured confounders could alter causal analyses, but the sensitivity parameter -- which quantifies the degree of unmeasured confounding -- is often difficult to interpret. For this…
It is by now well-recognised that the na\"ive application of the projection postulate on composite quantum systems can induce signalling between their constituent components, indicative of a breakdown of causality in a relativistic…
We report assumption-free bounds for any contrast between the probabilities of the potential outcome under exposure and non-exposure when the confounders are missing not at random. We assume that the missingness mechanism is…
Unavoidable disturbance caused by a quantum measurement implies that the realizable subsequent measurements are getting limited after one performs some measurement. The obvious general limitation that one cannot circumvent by sequential or…
Many organizations describe their processes as consensus-driven, but there is no consensus on the definition of consensus. Qualitative definitions of consensus prioritize social phenomena like "unity" that are not necessarily measurable.…
Causal inference, especially in observational studies, relies on untestable assumptions about the true data-generating process. Sensitivity analysis helps us determine how robust our conclusions are when we alter these underlying…
Contextuality is usually defined as absence of a joint distribution for a set of measurements (random variables) with known joint distributions of some of its subsets. However, if these subsets of measurements are not disjoint,…
Measurement theory is the cornerstone of science, but no equivalent theory underpins the huge volumes of non-numerical data now being generated. In this study, we show that replacing numbers with alternative mathematical models, such as…
We present a family of entropic uncertainty relations for pointer-based simultaneous measurements of conjugate observables. The lower bounds of these relations explicitly incorporate the influence of the measurement apparatus. We achieve…
We begin by defining mutually unbiased (MU) observables on a finite dimensional Hilbert space. We also consider the more general concept of parts of MU observables. The relationships between MU observables, value-complementary observables…
We introduce the E-measure: a measure-like generalization of the E-value to a class of hypotheses. Unlike classical measures, E-measures are closed under infimums instead of addition. They arise from a compatibility axiom with logical…
A semi-process is an analog of the semi-flow for non-autonomous differential equations or inclusions. We prove an abstract result on the existence of measurable semi-processes in the situations where there is no uniqueness. Also, we allow…