相关论文: Leibniz, Randomness and the Halting Probability

This paper presents formulae that can solve various seemingly hopeless philosophical conundrums. We discuss the simulation argument, teleportation, mind-uploading, the rationality of utilitarianism, and the ethics of exploiting artificial…

The paper puts into discussion the concept of universality, in particular for structures not of the power of Turing computability. The question arises if for such structures a universal structure of the same kind exists or not. For that the…

There are growing uncertainties surrounding the classical model of computation established by G\"odel, Church, Kleene, Turing and others in the 1930s onwards. The mismatch between the Turing machine conception, and the experiences of those…

In his seminal paper from 1936, Alan Turing introduced the concept of non-computable real numbers and presented examples based on the algorithmically unsolvable Halting problem. We describe a different, analytically natural mechanism for…

This paper is a top down historical perspective on the several phases in the development of probability from its prehistoric origins to its modern day evolution, as one of the key methodologies in artificial intelligence, data science, and…

In this project, I seek to present a summarization and unpacking of themes of fairness both in the field of computer science and philosophy. This is motivated by an increased dependence on notions of fairness in computer science and the…

There are several forms of irreducibility in computing systems, ranging from undecidability to intractability to nonlinearity. This paper is an exploration of the conceptual issues that have arisen in the course of investigating speed-up…

We clarify the confusion, misunderstanding and misconception that the physical finiteness of the universe, if the universe is indeed finite, would rule out all hypercomputation, the kind of computation that exceeds the Turing computability,…

The history of computability theory and and the history of analysis are surprisingly intertwined since the beginning of the twentieth century. For one, \'Emil Borel discussed his ideas on computable real number functions in his introduction…

We survey the Kolmogorov's approach to the notion of randomness through the Kolmogorov complexity theory. The original motivation of Kolmogorov was to give up a quantitative definition of information. In this theory, an object is randomness…

In his seminal paper ``Computing Machinery and Intelligence'', Alan Turing introduced the ``imitation game'' as part of exploring the concept of machine intelligence. The Turing Test has since been the subject of much analysis, debate,…

We explore in the framework of Quantum Computation the notion of computability, which holds a central position in Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science. A quantum algorithm that exploits the quantum adiabatic processes is considered…

This Festschrift is dedicated to Peter Thiemann on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday, celebrating his significant contributions to the field of programming languages. Over the span of more than three decades, Peter has worked on a wide…

We reminisce and discuss applications of algorithmic probability to a wide range of problems in artificial intelligence, philosophy and technological society. We propose that Solomonoff has effectively axiomatized the field of artificial…

In contrast with software-generated randomness (called pseudo-randomness), quantum randomness is provable incomputable, i.e.\ it is not exactly reproducible by any algorithm. We provide experimental evidence of incomputability --- an…

Computational problems are classified into computable and uncomputable problems. If there exists an effective procedure (algorithm) to compute a problem then the problem is computable otherwise it is uncomputable. Turing machines can…

Computational complexity has often been ignored in philosophy of mind, in philosophical artificial intelligence studies. The purpose of this paper is threefold. First and foremost, to show the importance of complexity rather than…

A concept of randomness for infinite time register machines (ITRMs), resembling Martin-L\"of-randomness, is defined and studied. In particular, we show that for this notion of randomness, computability from mutually random reals implies…

The mathematical achievements of Harry Kesten since the mid-1950s have revolutionized probability theory as a subject in its own right and in its associations with aspects of algebra, analysis, geometry, and statistical physics. Through his…

A fruitful way of obtaining meaningful, possibly concrete, algorithmically random numbers is to consider a potential behaviour of a Turing machine and its probability with respect to a measure (or semi-measure) on the input space of binary…