相关论文: On cyclically shifted strings

Sequence rotation consists of a circular shift of the sequence's elements by a given number of positions. We present the four classic algorithms to rotate a sequence; the loop invariants underlying their correctness; detailed correctness…

We study the transverse-field Ising model with interactions that are modulated in time. In a rotating frame, the system is described by a time-independent Hamiltonian with many-body interactions, similar to the cluster Hamiltonians of…

It is pointed out that quantum states, in general, contain a new kind of orders that cannot be characterized by symmetry. A concept of quantum order is introduced to describe such orders. As two concrete examples, we discussed quantum…

This is a brief overview on the current status of string theory for non-specialists. The purpose is to give an aspect on the nature of string theory as a unified theory of all interactions including quantum gravity and to discuss future…

In condensed matter systems, the atoms, electrons or spins can sometimes arrange themselves in ways that result in unexpected properties but that cannot be detected by conventional experimental probes. Several historical and contemporary…

We delineate the role of rotation and spin in physics, discussing in order Newtonian classical physics, special relativity, quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics and general relativity. In the latter case, we discuss the generalization…

In this article, we give a polynomial algorithm to decide whether a given permutation $\sigma$ is sortable with two stacks in series. This is indeed a longstanding open problem which was first introduced by Knuth. He introduced the stack…

In these lectures I discuss various unsolved problems of string theory and their relations to quantum gravity, 3d Ising model, large N QCD, and quantum cosmology. No solutions are presented but some new and perhaps useful approaches are…

Two structures are said to be equimorphic if each embeds in the other. Such structures cannot be expected to be isomorphic, and in this paper we investigate the special case of linear orders, here also called chains. In particular we…

Both the topics of entanglement and particle statistics have aroused enormous research interest since the advent of quantum mechanics. Using two pairs of entangled particles we show that indistinguishability enforces a transfer of…

Since the quantum field theory treats a system of particles, there must be a distribution which is associated with the system of particles. It means that a meaningful quantity is adjoined in the system of particles. It seems that these…

The periodic (ordinal) patterns of a map are the permutations realized by the relative order of the points in its periodic orbits. We give a combinatorial characterization of the periodic patterns of an arbitrary signed shift, in terms of…

The first part of this report gives a very quick sketch of how string theory concepts originated and evolved during its first 25 years (1968-93). The second part presents a somewhat more detailed discussion of the highlights of the past…

Duality, the equivalence between seemingly distinct quantum systems, is a curious property that has been known for at least three quarters of a century. In the past two decades it has played a central role in mapping out the structure of…

Recent years have seen an increasing interest in quantum chaos and related aspects of spatially extended systems, such as spin chains. However, the results are strongly system dependent, generic approaches suggest the presence of many-body…

This elementary introduction to string field theory highlights the features and the limitations of this approach to quantum gravity as it is currently understood. String field theory is a formulation of string theory as a field theory in…

In a recent article, arXiv:2605.12414, it is stated that a certain scale transformation has been "systematically overlooked" in discussions of the tensionless string. Here we point out that this kind of symmetry is treated in numerous…

The classical orbits of a test string in the transverse space of a singular heterotic fivebrane source are classified. The orbits are found to be either circular or open, but not conic because the inverse square law is not satisfied at long…

The complete set of solutions of two dimensional classical string theory are constructed for any curved spacetime. They describe folded strings moving in curved spacetime. Surprizing stringy behavior becomes evident at singularities such as…

Each oscillator in a linear chain (a string) interacts with a local Ising spin in contact with a thermal bath. These spins evolve according to Glauber dynamics. Below a critical temperature, a rippled state in the string is accompanied by a…