相关论文: Confinement and Liberation

Two crucial properties of QCD, confinement and chiral symmetry breaking, cannot be understood within the context of conventional Feynman perturbation theory. Non-perturbative phenomena enter the theory in a fundamental way at both the…

We study the volume dependence of electric flux energies for SU(2) gauge theory with twisted boundary conditions. The curves interpolate smoothly between the perturbative semiclassicalresults and the Confinement regime. On the basis of our…

In the weak coupling limit of ${\rm SU}(N)$ Yang-Mills theory and the ${\rm O}(N)$ vector model, explicit state counting allows us to demonstrate the existence of a partially deconfined phase: $M$ of $N$ colors deconfine, and $\frac{M}{N}$…

The infrared structure of gauge theories with chiral fermions remains largely unexplored. In this work we investigate the Bars-Yankielowicz class using the functional renormalisation group, building on recent developments in gauge-fermion…

I review the main features of our model of the 4-dimensional Yang-Mills theory vacuum as a liquid of fractional instantons. The model provides a possible microscopic mechanism for Confinement in four dimensional Yang-Mills theory at $T=0$.…

The personal and scientific history of the discovery of spontaneous symmetry breaking in gauge theories is outlined and its scientific content is reviewed

We review arguments that chiral symmetry breaking is triggered when the quark bilinear condensate's dimension passes through one ($\gamma=1$). This is supported by gap equations and more recently holographic models. Confinement may then be…

This is an invited contribution to the Special Issue of "Foundations of Physics" titled "Forty Years Of String Theory: Reflecting On the Foundations". I have been asked to assess string theory as an outsider, and to compare it with the…

Many two-dimensional physical systems have symmetries which are mathematically described by quantum groups (quasi-triangular Hopf algebras). In this letter we introduce the concept of a spontaneously broken Hopf symmetry and show that it…

In gauge theories, spontaneous breaking of the centre symmetry provides a precise definition of deconfinement. In large-$N$ gauge theories, evidence has emerged recently that between confined and deconfined phases a partially-deconfined…

This review describes the history of discovery of violation of spatial parity P, charge conjugation parity C, combined parity CP. The hypothesis of existence of mirror particles was called upon by its authors to restore the symmetry between…

Here I indulge in wide-ranging speculations on the shape of physics, and technology closely related to physics, over the next one hundred years. Themes include the many faces of unification, the re-imagining of quantum theory, and new forms…

The bulk of this paper centers around the tension between confinement and freedom in QCD. I discuss how it can be understood heuristically as a manifestation of self-adhesive glue and how it fits within the larger contexts of energy-time…

We propose a gauge-independent mechanism for the area-law behavior of Wilson loop expectation values in terms of worldsheets spanning Wilson loops interacting with the spin foams that contribute to the vacuum partition function. The method…

Ideas about a duality between gauge fields and strings have been around for many decades. During the last ten years, these ideas have taken a much more concrete mathematical form. String descriptions of the strongly coupled dynamics of…

This report provides a geometrical Yang-Mills theory, including gravity. The theory treats the space-time symmetry of the local Lorentz group in the same manner as the internal gauge symmetry. We extend this general relativistic Yang-Mills…

We have previously found analytically a very unusual and unexpected form of confinement in SU(3) Yang-Mills theory. This confinement occurs in the deconfined phase of the theory. The free energy of a single static test quark diverges, even…

We collect here various conjectures on congruences made by the author in a series of papers, some of which involve binary quadratic forms and other advanced theories. Part A consists of 100 unsolved conjectures of the author while…

A brief and biased overview of the phenomenon of confinement in QCD is presented in three parts: (1) the definition of confinement, (2) properties of confinement, (3) ideas of confinement. The second part chiefly consists of a brief review…

It is shown that an effective theory with meron degrees of freedom produces confinement in SU(2) Yang Mills theory. This effective theory is compatible with center symmetry. When the scale is set by the string tension, the action density…