相关论文: Width and Partial Widths of Unstable Particles
The top-quark, $W$ and $Z^0$ bosons have widths that are a sizable fraction of their masses and will be produced copiously at upcoming accelerators. Yet S-matrix theory cannot treat unstable particles as external states. Dealing with…
We show that the mass and width of an unstable particle are precisely defined by the pole in the complex energy plane, $\mu = m - (i/2)\Gamma$, by identifying the width, $\Gamma$, with the particle's decay rate and the mass, $m$, with the…
It is shown how to construct exactly gauge-invariant S-matrix elements for processes involving unstable gauge particles such as the $Z^0$ boson. The results are applied to derive a physically meaningful expression for the cross-section…
We discuss theoretical and phenomenological aspects of the use of boson propagators with energy-dependent widths in predictions for high-energy scattering processes. In general, gauge invariance is violated in such calculations. We discuss…
Unstable particles cannot be treated as asymptotic external states in $S$-matrix theory and when they occur as resonant states cannot be described by finite-order perturbation theory. The known facts concerning unstable particles are…
It is shown how to construct exactly gauge-invariant S-matrix elements for processes involving unstable gauge particles such as the $W$ and $Z^0$ bosons. The results are applied to derive a physically meaningful expression for the…
Gauge invariance requires even in the weak interactions that physical, observable particles are described by gauge-invariant composite operators. Such operators have the same structure as those describing bound states, and consequently the…
The existence of scale invariant physics would lead to new phenomena in particle physics that could be detected at the LHC. In this paper we exploit the effects of these unparticles in $WW \to WW$ scattering. From the requirement of…
A gauge-independent approach to resonant transition amplitudes with nonconserved external currents is presented, which is implemented by the pinch technique. The analytic expressions derived with this method are $U(1)_{em}$ invariant,…
The concepts of pole mass and width are extended to unstable fermions in the general framework of parity-nonconserving gauge theories, such as the Standard Model. In contrast with the conventional on-shell definitions, these concepts are…
Quantum field model of unstable particles with random mass is suggested to describe the finite-width effects in decay rate. Within the framework of this model we derive the convolution formula for a width of the channels with unstable…
Several graphical representations of the mass and width spectrum of unstable subatomic particles are presented. Such plots are useful tools for introducing students to the particle zoo and provide students an alternate way to organize…
The phenomenology of unstable particles, including searches and exclusion limits at the LHC, depends significantly on its lineshape. When the width of the resonance is large with respect to its mass, off-shell effects become relevant and…
The inclusion of the unstable features of a spin-1 particle, without breaking the electromagnetic gauge invariance, can be properly accomplished by including higher order contributions as done in the so-called fermion loop scheme (for the W…
When computing the properties of reactions involving unstable charged particles care has to be taken to use a gauge invariant amplitude. In this talk we present methods to (automatically) obtain such an amplitude, both at the tree level and…
Developments in the analysis of W and quark propagators in the resonance region, and recent considerations concerning the mass and width of the Higgs boson are reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on the instability of these fundamental…
The study of gauge bosons is interesting in two respects. The properties of gauge bosons are modified by higher order effects that are sensitive to mass scales not directly accessible to experiment. On the other hand interactions amongst…
A phenomenological model of unstable particles based on uncertainty principle is discussed in quantum field approach. We show that the simplest quantum field description of mass uncertainty makes it possible to account finite width effects…
Measuring the scattering of longitudinally-polarized vector bosons represents a fundamental test of ElectroWeak Symmetry Breaking. In addition to the challenges provided by low rates and large backgrounds, there are conceptual issues which…
The different schemes for the definition of the Z boson mass are analyzed. It is shown that the scheme, defining the mass as pole of the real part of the Z boson propagator and the width as the imaginary part of the propagator at the same…