相关论文: Gauge Invariance in Boson Production
It is shown how to construct exactly gauge-invariant S-matrix elements for processes involving unstable gauge particles such as the $Z^0$ boson. The results are applied to derive a physically meaningful expression for the cross-section…
The process $e^+e^-\rightarrow \bar \nu_e e^-W^+ \rightarrow\bar\nu_e e^-u\bar d$ is considered as an example of the problems associated with maintaining gauge invariance in matrix elements involving unstable particles. It is shown how to…
The top-quark, $W$ and $Z^0$ bosons have widths that are a sizable fraction of their masses and will be produced copiously at upcoming accelerators. Yet S-matrix theory cannot treat unstable particles as external states. Dealing with…
Unstable particles cannot be treated as asymptotic external states in $S$-matrix theory and when they occur as resonant states cannot be described by finite-order perturbation theory. The known facts concerning unstable particles are…
A survey is given of the various gauge-invariance-related aspects that play a role when dealing with unstable gauge bosons.
We discuss theoretical and phenomenological aspects of the use of boson propagators with energy-dependent widths in predictions for high-energy scattering processes. In general, gauge invariance is violated in such calculations. We discuss…
Using the S--matrix pinch technique we obtain to one loop order, gauge independent $\gamma W^-W^+$ and $Z W^-W^+$ vertices in the context of the standard model, with all incoming momenta off--shell. We show that the vertices so constructed…
For gauge theory, the matrix element for any physical process is independent of the gauge used. Since this is a formal statement and examples are known where gauge invariance is violated, for any specific process this gauge invariance needs…
High-precision predictions for W-production processes are complicated by the instability of the W bosons, requirements of gauge invariance, and the necessity to include radiative corrections. Salient features and recent progress concerning…
In the gauge theory context, a definition of branching ratios and partial widths of unstable particles is proposed that satisfies the basic principles of additivity and gauge independence. A simpler definition, similar to the conventional…
When computing the properties of reactions involving unstable charged particles care has to be taken to use a gauge invariant amplitude. In this talk we present methods to (automatically) obtain such an amplitude, both at the tree level and…
There are many applications in gauge theories where the usually employed framework involving gauge-dependent Green's functions leads to considerable problems. In order to overcome the difficulties invariably tied to gauge dependence, we…
Developments in the analysis of W and quark propagators in the resonance region, and recent considerations concerning the mass and width of the Higgs boson are reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on the instability of these fundamental…
We propose a novel procedure for handling processes that involve unstable intermediate particles. By using gauge-invariant effective Lagrangians it is possible to perform a gauge-invariant resummation of (arbitrary) self-energy effects. For…
In the context of the Standard Model we extend the S--matrix pinch technique for non--conserved currents to the case of three boson vertices. We outline in detail how effective gauge invariant three boson vertices can be constructed, with…
Based on an Invited Plenary Talk given at ``Workshop on Physics and Experiments with Linear $e^+e^-$ Colliders,'' Waikoloa, Hawaii, April 26--30, 1993. This paper reviews theoretical issues concerning the structure of vector bosons, with…
The role of gauge invariance is reconsidered by "deriving it without assuming it" within an autonomous approach to interactions of Standard Model particles. In this approach, the renormalizable interactions are purely constrained by quantum…
A report is given on the theoretical aspects of gauge-boson production processes at LEP2 and the next linear collider (NLC). A short discussion is given on the gauge-boson-related physics issues that play a role at both coliders and on the…
Vector mesons and the $W$ gauge boson share some common features, such as the spin and a very short lifetime. The electromagnetic properties of the $W$ are linked to its gauge nature and thus a big effort has been devoted to measure them,…
A gauge-independent approach to resonant transition amplitudes with nonconserved external currents is presented, which is implemented by the pinch technique. The analytic expressions derived with this method are $U(1)_{em}$ invariant,…