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Recent astrophysical observations indicate that the universe is composed of a large amount of dark energy (DE) responsible for an accelerated expansion of the universe, along with a sizeable amount of cold dark matter (CDM), responsible for…

It is now believed that the universe is composed of a small amount of the normal luminous matter, a substantial amount of matter (Cold Dark Matter: CDM) which is non-luminous and a large amount of smooth energy (Dark Energy: DE). Both CDM…

Phenomena currently attributed to Dark Matter (DM) and Dark Energy (DE) are merely a result of the interplay between gravitational energy density, caused by the contraction of space by matter, and space dilation, caused by the energy…

The discovery of dark energy (DE) as the physical cause for the accelerated expansion of the Universe is the most remarkable experimental finding of modern cosmology. However, it leads to insurmountable theoretical difficulties from the…

One of the principal discoveries in modern cosmology is that standard model particles (including baryons, leptons and photons) together comprise only 5% of the mass-energy budget of the Universe. The remaining 95% consists of dark energy…

Recently the Chiral Cosmological Model (CCM) coupled to cold dark matter (CDM) has been investigated as $\sigma$CDM model to study the observed accelerated expansion of the Universe. Dark sector fields (as Dark Energy content) coupled to…

We suggest that vacuum entanglement energy associated with the entanglement entropy of the universe is the origin of dark energy. The observed properties of dark energy can be explained by using the nature of entanglement energy without…

This paper provides a review of the variants of dark matter (CDM, HDM) which are thought to be fundamental components of the universe and their role in origin and evolution of structures.

Recent cosmological and astrophysical observations point out that the Universe is in accelerating expansion and filled up with non-luminous matter. In order to explain the observed large scale structures and this accelerating behavior one…

It has been shown in a companion paper that the late time acceleration of the universe can be accounted for by an extension of the QCD color to a $SU(3)$ invisible sector (IQCD). In this work we discuss a unified framework such the scale of…

The origin of the dark energy which is assumed to be responsible for the observed accelerated expansion of the universe still remains a scientific dilemma. Here we propose a tentative origin for this energy, if it is coming from a…

Dynamical dark energy (DE) has been proposed to explain various aspects of the cosmological constant (CC) problem(s). For example, it is very difficult to accept that a strictly constant Lambda-term constitutes the ultimate explanation for…

The discovery ten years ago that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating put in place the last major building block of the present cosmological model, in which the Universe is composed of 4% baryons, 20% dark matter, and 76% dark…

The traditional "explanation" for the observed acceleration of the universe is the existence of a positive cosmological constant. However, this can hardly be a truly convincing explanation, as an expanding universe is not expected to have a…

An initial state for the observable universe consisting of a finite region with a large vacuum energy will break-up due to near horizon quantum critical fluctuations. This will lead to a Friedmann-like early universe consisting of an…

Dark energy (DE) plays an important role in the expansion history of our universe. But we only got limited knowledge about its nature and properties after decades of study.In most numerical researches, DE is usually considered as a…

The nature of dark matter remains a central problem in cosmology. A compelling possibility is that dark matter is macroscopic, consisting of composite objects formed in the early Universe. We introduce the QCD-AQN framework, a…

Dark energy is a fundamental constituent of our universe, its status in the cosmological field equation should be equivalent to that of gravity. Here we construct a dark energy and matter gravity coupling (DEMC) model of cosmology in a way…

The main aim of this work is to explore the possibility that cold dark matter (CDM) and early dark energy (EDE) can be described by canonical scalar fields that are coupled at the level of its conservation equations. The formalism covers…

The recently observed accelerated expansion of the universe has put a challenge for its theoretical understanding. As a possible explanation of this, it is considered that the most part of the present universe is filled with a form of…