相关论文: Probing the Orbital Angular Momentum through the P…

Determination of the orbital angular momentum of the proton is a difficult but important part of understanding fundamental structure. Insight can be gained from suitable models of the gluon asymmetry applied to the Jz = 1/2 sum rule. We…

The fundamental program in high energy spin physics focuses on the spin structure of the nucleon. The gluon and orbital angular momentum components of the nucleon spin are virtually unknown. The J_z=1/2 sum rule involves the integrated…

Measurements involving the gluon spin density, Delta G=G++ - G+-, can play an important role in the quantitative understanding of proton structure. To demonstrate this, we show that the shape of the gluon asymmetry, A(x,t)=Delta…

We propose a novel observable for the experimental detection of the gluon orbital angular momentum (OAM) that constitutes the proton spin sum rule. We consider longitudinal double spin asymmetry in exclusive dijet production in…

Since the announcement of the proton spin crisis by the European Muon Collaboration there has been considerable progress in unravelling the distribution of spin and orbital angular momentum within the proton. We review the current status of…

We derive a new twist-3 partonic sum rule for the transverse spin of the proton, which involves the well-know quark spin structure function $g_T(x)=g_1(x)+g_2(x)$, the less-studied but known transverse gluon polarization density $\Delta…

The twenty years since the announcement of the proton spin crisis by the European Muon Collaboration has seen tremendous progress in our knowledge of the distribution of spin within the proton. The problem is reviewed, beginning with the…

It is shown that the momentum density of free electromagnetic field splits into two parts. One has no contribution to the net momentum due to the transversality condition. The other yields all the momentum. The angular momentum that…

The transversely-polarized state of a proton with arbitrary momentum is not an eigenstate of transverse angular momentum operator. The latter does not commute with the QCD Hamiltonian. However, the expectation value of the transverse…

The flavor-dependent valence, sea quark and antiquark spin distributions can be determined separately from theoretical assumptions and experimental data. We have determined the valence distributions using the Bjorken sum rule and have…

Momentum sum rule can be used as an inequality to estimate the lower and upper bounds of the momentum fractions of quarks and gluons in a model of proton valid in a limited \textit{x} range. We compute such bounds in a self-similarity based…

The proton spin puzzle inspired by the EMC experiment and its present status are closely examined. Recent experimental progress is reviewed. Various factorization schemes due to the ambiguity arising from the axial anomaly are discussed.…

Applying the connection between the parton Wigner distribution and orbital angular momentum (OAM), we investigate the probe of the gluon OAM in hard scattering processes at the planned electron-ion collider. We show that the single…

The recent high precision SMC data on polarized $\mu p$ scatterings have again confirmed that very little of the proton spin is carried by quarks. To unravel the mystery of the proton spin structure, it is quite important to know the…

We discuss the impact of recent high-statistics RHIC data on the determination of the gluon polarization in the proton in the context of a global QCD analysis of polarized parton distributions. We find clear evidence for a non-vanishing…

We discuss the tremendous progress that has been towards an understanding of how the spin of the proton is distributed on its quark and gluon constituents. This is a problem that began in earnest twenty years ago with the discovery of the…

The spin structure of nucleon at twist 2 and 3 levels is analyzed. The contribution of quark and gluon spins to nucleon spin are Lorentz invariant, while it is not sure for orbital angular momentum. The conserved fractional moments of…

The STAR experiment has been studying the spin structure of the proton, using the unique high-energy polarized proton collider, the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The kinematic coverage at STAR allows accessing gluons because…

We examine the conventional picture that gluons carry about half of the nucleon momentum in the asymptotic limit. We reveal that this large fraction is due to an unsuitable definition of the gluon momentum in an interacting theory. If…

We study the covariant version of the quark-parton model, in which the general rules of the angular momentum composition are accurately taken into account. We demonstrate how these rules affect the relativistic interplay between the quark…