相关论文: PYTHIA 6.3 Physics and Manual

Understanding large-scale interacting quantum matter requires dealing with the huge number of quanta that are produced by scattering even a few particles against a complex quantum object. Prominent examples are found from high energy cosmic…

At the LHC era, the detector systems are operating at the harsh hadronic environment with the unprecedentedly high particle flux. Position sensitive silicon devices are usually positioned at the innermost regions of the experimental setups…

The measurement of the production of particles coming from hard scattering processes covers a fundamental role in the characterization of the system formed in heavy-ion collisions, allowing to probe the microscopic processes underlying the…

First calculated results with the new HIJING++ are presented for identified hadron production in high-energy heavy ion collisions. The recently developed HIJING++ version is based on the latest version of PYTHIA8 and contains all the…

The structure of events in high-energy collisions is complex and not predictable from first principles. Event generators allow the problem to be subdivided into more manageable pieces, some of which can be described from first principles,…

The Python functions distributed with this article can be used for calculating the parameters of multichannel quantum defect theory models describing excited bound states of complex atoms. These parameters are obtained by fitting a model to…

The LHC data have unveiled unexpected features in proton-proton (pp) collisions, namely, collective-like behavior and strangeness enhancement. Originally, these new effects were discovered only in high-multiplicity pp collisions. However,…

We study the effective action describing high-energy scattering processes in the multi-Regge limit of QCD, which should provide the starting point for a new attempt to overcome the limitations of the leading logarithmic and the eikonal…

Phase separation is the thermodynamic process that explains how droplets form in multicomponent fluids. These droplets can provide controlled compartments to localize chemical reactions, and reactions can also affect the droplets' dynamics.…

The PYTHIA Monte Carlo (PMC) has been applied broadly to simulations of high-energy $p$-$p$ and $p$-$\bar p$ collisions. The PMC is based on several assumptions, such as that most hadrons result from jet production (multiple parton…

The rise of foundation models -- large, pretrained machine learning models that can be finetuned to a variety of tasks -- has revolutionized the fields of natural language processing and computer vision. In high-energy physics, the question…

We outline the opportunities to study with high precision the interface between nuclear and particle physics, which are offered by a next generation and multi-purpose fixed-target experiment exploiting the proton and ion LHC beams extracted…

The physical processes at the interface of a low-temperature plasma and a solid are extremely complex. They involve a huge number of elementary processes in the plasma, in the solid as well as charge, momentum and energy transfer across the…

We discuss and illustrate the properties of several parton-shower algorithms available in Pythia and Vincia, in the context of Higgs production via vector boson fusion (VBF). In particular, the distinctive colour topology of VBF processes…

Phase separating systems that are maintained away from thermodynamic equilibrium via molecular processes represent a class of active systems, which we call active emulsions. These systems are driven by external energy input for example…

This lecture reviews the principles of particle-matter interactions, providing the essential physics background required to understand beam loss mechanisms in high-energy accelerators and their associated implications. The main interaction…

In this work we present the production of charged particles associated with high-$p_{\rm T}$ trigger particles ($8<p_{\rm T}^{\rm trig.}<15$ GeV /$c$) at mid-pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=5.02$\,TeV simulated with…

These three lectures provide an introduction to the main concepts of statistical data analysis useful for precision measurements and searches for new signals in High Energy Physics. The frequentist and Bayesian approaches to probability…

The goals of discovering quantum radiation dynamics in high-intensity laser-plasma interactions and engineering new laser-driven high-energy particle sources both require accurate and robust predictions. Experiments rely on particle-in-cell…

The ability to read, use and develop code efficiently and successfully is a key ingredient in modern particle physics. We report the experience of a training program, identified as "Advanced Programming Concepts", that introduces software…