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In the contemporary Cosmology, dark energy is modeled as a perfect fluid, having a very simple equation of state: pressure is proportional to dark energy density. As an alternative, I propose a more complex equation of state, with pressure…

We study the dynamical aspects of dark energy in the context of a non-minimally coupled scalar field with curvature and torsion. Whereas the scalar field acts as the source of the trace mode of torsion, a suitable constraint on the torsion…

Cosmological models describing the non-gravitational interaction between dark matter and dark energy are based on some phenomenological choices of the interaction rates between dark matter and dark energy. There is no such guiding rule to…

Dark energy is an elusive concept, which has been introduced two decades ago in order to make the acceleration of the universe a comprehensible phenomenon. However, the nature of this energy is far from being understood, both from a…

We investigate the behavior of dark energy interacting with dark matter and unparticle in the framework of loop quantum cosmology. In four toy models, we study the interaction between the cosmic components by choosing different coupling…

While $\Lambda$CDM provides a good fit to cosmological data, it fails to address many of the outstanding questions in contemporary cosmology. Chief among these are the Hubble tension and the apparent dynamical nature of dark energy as…

Dark energy might interact with dark matter in a direct, non-gravitational way, which can help remedy several theoretical defects. In order to find out the properties of interacting dark energy models, it is necessary to investigate the…

In the proposed model with interaction between dark energy and dark matter, we consider cosmological scenarios with different equations of state ($w_d$) for dark energy. For both constant and variable equation of state, we analyze solutions…

The accelerated expansion of the Universe is one of the main discoveries of the past decades, indicating the presence of an unknown component: the dark energy. Evidence of its presence is being gathered by a succession of observational…

Following the idea of the induced matter theory, for a non-vacuum five-dimensional version of general relativity, we propose a model in which the induced terms emerging from the extra dimension in our four-dimensional space-time, supposed…

The high-quality cosmological data, which became available in the last decade, have thrusted upon us a rather preposterous composition for the universe which poses one of the greatest challenges theoretical physics has ever faced: the…

The present work deals with a kinematic approach to the modelling the late time dynamics of the universe. This approach is based upon the assumption of constant value of cosmological jerk parameter, which is the dimensionless representation…

Within our recent thermodynamic model of gravity the dark energy is identified with the energy of collective gravitational interactions of all particles in the universe, which is missing in the standard treatments. For a simple model…

We study dynamical behaviors of the dark energy models interacting with dark matter and unparticle in the standard flat FRW cosmology. We considered four different interacting models and examined the stability of the critical points. We…

In the context of thermodynamics we discuss the way inevitable emerge an interaction between dark components, and in this way, provide a mechanism to understand the limits of the LCDM model and the class of interaction models between dark…

We present a novel source of dark energy, which is motivated by the prevalence of hidden sectors in string theory models and is consistent with all of the proposed swampland conjectures. Thermal effects hold a light hidden sector scalar at…

The early cosmic inflation, when taken along with the recent observations that the universe is currently dominated by a low density vacuum energy, leads to at least two potential problems which modern cosmology must address. First, there is…

The present work deals with an interacting dark energy model in the framework of f(T) cosmology. A cosmologically viable form of f(T) is chosen (T is the torsion scalar in teleparallelism) in the background of flat homogeneous and isotropic…

The dark side of the universe is mysterious and its nature is still unknown. In fact, this poses perhaps as the biggest challenge in the modern cosmology. The two components of the dark sector (dark matter and dark energy) correspond today…

The interacting dark energy model could propose a effective way to avoid the coincidence problem. In this paper, dark energy is taken as a fluid with a constant equation of state parameter $w_x$. In a general gauge, we could obtain two sets…