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This paper is a continuation of a previous study on the so-called measure once finite quantum automata model introduced by Moore and Crutchfield in 2000. We investigate conditions assuring that, given a language recognized by such a device…

We study whether automatically-induced prompts that effectively extract information from a language model can also be used, out-of-the-box, to probe other language models for the same information. After confirming that discrete prompts…

Models for question answering, dialogue agents, and summarization often interpret the meaning of a sentence in a rich context and use that meaning in a new context. Taking excerpts of text can be problematic, as key pieces may not be…

Concrete/abstract words are used in a growing number of psychological and neurophysiological research. For a few languages, large dictionaries have been created manually. This is a very time-consuming and costly process. To generate large…

Recent advancements in textless speech-to-speech translation systems have been driven by the adoption of self-supervised learning techniques. Although most state-of-the-art systems adopt a similar architecture to transform source language…

Computer science students often struggle with abstract theoretical concepts, particularly in introductory courses on theoretical computer science. One such challenge is understanding context-free languages and their various representations.…

For a system to understand natural language, it needs to be able to take natural language text and answer questions given in natural language with respect to that text; it also needs to be able to follow instructions given in natural…

We construct a hierarchy of regular languages such that the current language in the hierarchy can be accepted by 1-way quantum finite automata with a probability smaller than the corresponding probability for the preceding language in the…

Pumping lemmas are created to prove that given languages are not belong to certain language classes. There are several known pumping lemmas for the whole class and some special classes of the context-free languages. In this paper we prove…

Many complex generative systems use languages to create structured objects. We consider a model of random languages, defined by weighted context-free grammars. As the distribution of grammar weights broadens, a transition is found from a…

In the domain of unsupervised learning most work on speech has focused on discovering low-level constructs such as phoneme inventories or word-like units. In contrast, for written language, where there is a large body of work on…

We consider the previously defined notion of finite-state independence and we focus specifically on normal words. We characterize finite-state independence of normal words in three different ways, using three different kinds of asynchronous…

Humans often speak in a continuous manner which leads to coherent and consistent prosody properties across neighboring utterances. However, most state-of-the-art speech synthesis systems only consider the information within each sentence…

In spoken conversations, spontaneous behaviors like filled pause and prolongations always happen. Conversational partner tends to align features of their speech with their interlocutor which is known as entrainment. To produce human-like…

In this chapter we discuss the problem of enumerating distinct regular expressions by size and the regular languages they represent. We discuss various notions of the size of a regular expression that appear in the literature and their…

Natural language reasoning plays an increasingly important role in improving language models' ability to solve complex language understanding tasks. An interesting use case for reasoning is the resolution of context-dependent ambiguity. But…

Language model prompt optimization research has shown that semantically and grammatically well-formed manually crafted prompts are routinely outperformed by automatically generated token sequences with no apparent meaning or syntactic…

In this paper, we prove the semidecidability of the problem of saying whether or not a context-free grammar generates a regular language. We introduce the notion of context-free grammar in Marciani Normal Form. We prove that a context-free…

In a paper published in Information Processing Letters in 2000, Bouajjani et al. presented an automata-based approach to a number of elementary problems on context-free grammars. This approach is of pedagogical interest since it provides a…

Recently, with the help of deep learning models, significant advances have been made in different Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art models are vulnerable to noisy texts. We propose a new contextual…