相关论文: Around the Knee: Simultaneous Surface and Undergro…
The lateral distribution function of high energy muons in EAS around the knee ($5.9\le \lg N_e \le 7.1$) has been measured for near vertical showers ($\theta \le 20^{\circ}$, effective muon threshold energy is 230 GeV). The measurements…
We calculate event rate and demonstrate the observational feasibility of very high energy muons (1-1000 TeV) in a large mass underground detector operating as a pair-meter. This energy range corresponds to surface muon energies of $\sim$(5…
We report the analysis of the Ne-Nmuon coincident events collected by the MACRO/EAS-TOP collaboration at the Gran Sasso Laboratories. The result points to a primary composition becoming heavier around the knee of the primary spectrum (in…
The main goal of the Andyrchy-BUST experiment is to study the primary cosmic rays spectrum and composition around the knee. The experimental data on the knee, as observed in the electromagnetic and high energy muon components, are…
We propose a new experiment to study primary composition around the knee. The Carpet-3 EAS array is the further development of the Carpet-2 EAS array (1700 m a.s.l., Baksan Valley) and it is supposed to be a multi-component and…
Recent results from the KASCADE extensive air shower experiment are presented. After briefly reviewing the status of the experiment we report on tests of hadronic interaction models and emphasize the progress being made in understanding the…
The knee in the all-particle energy spectrum is scrutinized with a phenomenological model, named poly-gonato model, linking results from direct and indirect measurements. For this purpose, recent results from direct and indirect…
According to the Baksan underground scintillation telescope data the barometric coefficients for six intervals of zenith angles of particle registration were obtained for ten years (2003-2012). The obtained barometric coefficients exceed an…
Experimental data obtained in cosmic ray investigations at energies above the knee are discussed. All features observed at these energies starting from the knee, changes of mass composition and concluding with various types of unusual…
Results of experiments investigating air showers in the energy region of the knee are summarized. The all-particle energy spectrum, the mean logarithmic mass, and the average depth of the shower maximum will be discussed. Spectra for groups…
The most recent experimental results on the cosmic ray composition and energy spectrum above 1 TeV are reviewed and discussed. All data agree on the presence of the so-called ``knee'' at an energy E(knee) = 3-4 PeV; the knee is seen in all…
The cosmic ray primary composition in the energy range between 10**15 and 10**16 eV, i.e., around the "knee" of the primary spectrum, has been studied through the combined measurements of the EAS-TOP air shower array (2005 m a.s.l., 10**5…
The present status of the GAMMA facility consisting of an enlarged surface EAS array (116 of 1 m^2 scintillation detectors) and underground muon carpet (150 m^2 detectors) is described. The recent results on mass composition and energy…
Primary cosmic ray particles above energies of about 100 TeV are investigated by large-area ground based detector installations, observing various components of the development of extensive air-showers (EAS). By such an indirect access to…
Recent results from the KASCADE experiment on measurements of cosmic rays in the energy range of the knee are presented. Emphasis is placed on energy spectra of individual mass groups as obtained from an two-dimensional unfolding applied to…
This paper briefly summarizes the status of the cosmic ray observations by EAS (Extended Air Shower) experiments with energy below 10**16eV and the related studies of the hadronic interaction models. Based on the observed sharp knee…
An update of the status of the knee in the cosmic ray energy spectrum at 3-4 PeV is presented. We argue that the evidence in favour of the presence of a 'single source' is even stronger than before.
Below the knee in the cosmic ray spectrum, balloon and spacecraft experiments offer the capability of direct composition and energy measurements on the primary particles. A major difficulty is obtaining enough exposure to extend the range…
The extensive air shower (EAS) experiment KASCADE has started data taking at the laboratory site of the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe. The major goal is to determine the elemental composition of the primary cosmic ray particles in the energy…
We put together the experimental results on muon component of extensive air showers (EAS) which were gained with various techniques at the detector complex of the Tien Shan mountain station. According to this comparison, the problem of the…