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The recent detection of planets around very low mass stars raises the question of the formation, composition and potential habitability of these objects. We use planetary system formation models to infer the properties, in particular their…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2017-02-01 Yann Alibert , Willy Benz

The initial conditions, physics, and outcome of planet formation are now constrained by detailed observations of protoplanetary disks, laboratory experiments, and the discovery of thousands of extrasolar planetary systems. These…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2018-12-05 Philip J. Armitage

Numerical simulations show that the migration of growing planetary cores may be dominated by turbulent fluctuations in the protoplanetary disk, rather than by any mean property of the flow. We quantify the impact of this stochastic core…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-10 W. K. M. Rice , Philip J. Armitage

Protoplanetary disks are quasi-steady structures whose evolution and dispersal determine the environment for planet formation. I review the theory of protoplanetary disk evolution and its connection to observations. Substantial progress has…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2011-08-25 Philip J. Armitage

Our knowledge of planets' orbital dynamics, which was based on Solar System studies, has been challenged by the diversity of exoplanetary systems. Around cool and ultra cool dwarfs, the influence of tides on the orbital and spin evolution…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2014-12-02 Emeline Bolmont , Sean N. Raymond , Franck Selsis

Thousands of confirmed and candidate exoplanets have been identified in recent years. Consequently, theoretical research on the formation and dynamical evolution of planetary systems has seen a boost, and the processes of planet-planet…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2016-09-06 M. B. N. Kouwenhoven , Qi Shu , Maxwell Xu Cai , Rainer Spurzem

Half the known extrasolar planets have orbital eccentricities in excess of 0.3. Such large eccentricities are surprising as it is thought that planets form in a protoplanetary disk on nearly circular orbits much like the current states of…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-12-08 Fathi Namouni

The planet formation process and subsequent planet migration may lead to configurations resulting in strong dynamical interactions among the various planets. Well-studied possible outcomes include collisions between planets, scattering…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2010-07-09 Philipp Podsiadlowski , Saul Rappaport , John M. Fregeau , Rosemary A. Mardling

More than 30 extra-solar Jupiter-like planets have shorter periods than the planet Mercury. It is generally accepted that they formed further out, and migrated inwards. In order to be driven by tidal torques from the gaseous disc, the disc…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-10 M. Lecar , D. D. Sasselov

I attempt to summarize our knowledge of planet formation in evolving protoplanetary discs. I first review the physics of disc evolution and dispersal. For most of the disc lifetime evolution is driven by accretion and photoevaporation, and…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-16 Richard Alexander

As planets form they tidally interact with their natal disks. Though the tidal perturbation induced by Earth and super-Earth mass planets is generally too weak to significantly modify the structure of the disk, the interaction is…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-05 Katherine A. Kretke , D. N. C. Lin

This chapter concerns the long-term dynamical evolution of planetary systems from both theoretical and observational perspectives. We begin by discussing the planet-planet interactions that take place within our own Solar System. We then…

The tidal heating of hypothetical rocky (or terrestrial) extra-solar planets spans a wide range of values depending on stellar masses and initial orbits. Tidal heating may be sufficiently large (in many cases, in excess of radiogenic…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-13 Brian Jackson , Rory Barnes , Richard Greenberg

Giant planets in circumstellar disks can migrate inward from their initial (formation) positions. Radial migration is caused by inward torques between the planet and the disk; by outward torques between the planet and the spinning star; and…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-10-30 D. E. Trilling , W. Benz , T. Guillot , J. I. Lunine , W. B. Hubbard , A. Burrows

Formation of terrestrial planets by agglomeration of planetesimals in protoplanetary disks sensitively depends on the velocity evolution of planetesimals. We describe a novel semi-analytical approach to the treatment of planetesimal…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Roman R. Rafikov

Since twenty years, a large population of close-in planets orbiting various classes of low-mass stars (from M to A-type stars) has been discovered. In such systems, the dissipation of the kinetic energy of tidal flows in the host star may…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2016-06-22 Emeline Bolmont , Stéphane Mathis

The stellar rotation has an essential role in modifying the structure of the star and, therefore, the way these different interplays arise. On the other hand, changes in orbits impact the star's rotation and its evolution. The evolution of…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-04-11 Thiago M. Santiago , Sarah G. A. Barbosa , Francisco J. Cavalcante , Daniel B. de Freitas

Studies of transiting extra-solar planets are of key importance for understanding the nature of planets outside our Solar System, because their densities can be determined, constraining of what the planets are made of. Using the data…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2019-08-19 Eike W. Guenther , CoRoT-Team

During their formation, emerging protoplanets tidally interact with their natal disks. Proto-gas-giant planets, with Hills radius larger than the disk thickness, open gaps and quench gas flow in the vicinity of their orbits. It is usually…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-09-09 Yi-Xian Chen , Xiaojia Zhang , Ya-Ping Li , Hui Li , Douglas N. C. Lin

We investigate the dynamical evolution of a Jovian--mass planet injected into an orbit highly inclined with respect to its nesting gaseous disk. Planet--planet scattering induced by convergent planetary migration and mean motion resonances…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2014-11-20 F. Marzari , Andrew F. Nelson