相关论文: Thermalization Mechanisms in Compact Sources

The high energy continuum in Seyfert galaxies and galactic black hole candidates is likely to be produced by a thermal plasma. There are difficulties in understanding what can keep the plasma thermal, especially during fast variations of…

There are difficulties in understanding what keeps the plasma thermalized in compact sources, especially during rapid variations of the emitted flux. Particle-particle collisions are too inefficient in hot rarefied plasmas, and a faster…

We present detailed calculations of the electron thermalization by synchrotron self-absorption accounting for cooling by Compton scattering. For the first time, we solve coupled kinetic equations for electrons and photons without any…

We propose a new approximation for the cyclo-synchrotron emissivity of a single electron. In the second part of this work, we discuss a simple application for our approximation, and investigate the heating of electrons through the…

Quasi-thermal Comptonization in internal shocks formed between relativistic shells can account for the high energy emission of gamma-ray bursts. This is in fact the dominant cooling mechanism if the typical energy of the emitting particles…

In a hybrid thermal-nonthermal plasma, we find that the dominant emission and absorption mechanisms are synchrotron by nonthermal electrons and bremsstrahlung by thermal electrons. These two processes significantly change the spectrum from…

Quasi-thermal Comptonization is an attractive alternative to the synchrotron process to explain the spectra of GRBs, even if we maintain other important properties of the internal shock scenario, implying a compact emitting region and an…

We investigate thermal synchrotron radiation at semi-relativistic and relativistic temperatures. We find an analytic expression for the angle-averaged emission coefficient, and show that it is significantly more accurate that those derived…

Relativistic thermal electrons moving in a large-scale magnetic field can produce synchrotron radiation. Linear synchrotron polarization can also be produced by the relativistic thermal electrons. In this paper, we utilize a hybrid…

Photoexcited hot carriers in solids can drive processes, such as photocatalytic reactions on the surface, beyond those available in thermal equilibrium. Hot-electron-mediated reaction pathways are limited by the thermalization of the…

One explanation of the thermalization of an isolated quantum system is the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, which posits that all energy eigenstates are thermal. Based on this idea, we use dynamical typicality to predict the thermal…

We study the effects of synchrotron self-absorption on the Comptonising electron distribution in the magnetised corona of accreting black holes. We solve the kinetic equations assuming that power is supplied to the coronal electrons through…

In the standard synchrotron afterglow model, a power law of electrons is responsible for all aspects of photon production and absorption. Recent numerical work has shown that the vast majority of particles in the downstream medium are…

We study thermalization within a quantum system with an enhanced capacity to store information. This system has been recently introduced to provide a prototype model of how a black hole processes and stores information. We perform a…

We study the system that two atoms simultaneously interact with a single-mode thermal field via different couplings and different spontaneous emission rates when two-photon process is involved. It is found that we indeed can employ the…

Relativistic electrons accelerated by both the first-order and the second-order Fermi accelerations in some synchrotron sources have a hybrid shape of thermal and nonthermal energy distribution. This particle acceleration result is…

This article presents a new particle beam cooling scheme, namely cyclotron maser cooling (CMC). Relativistic gyrating particles, forced by a solenoidal magnetic field over some length of their trajectory, move in a helical path and undergo…

Polariton thermalization is a key process in achieving light-matter Bose--Einstein condensation, spanning from solid-state semiconductor microcavities at cryogenic temperatures to surface plasmon nanocavities with molecules at room…

The long time accumulation of the \textit{random} actions of a single particle "reservoir" on its coupled system can transfer some temperature information of its initial state to the coupled system. This dynamic process can be referred to…

Synchrotron emission and absorption determine the observational appearance of many astronomical systems. In this paper, we describe a numerical scheme for calculating synchrotron emissivities and absorptivities in all four Stokes parameters…