相关论文: Cluster Ellipticals at High Redshift: The View fro…

Combined HST, X-ray, and ground-based optical studies show that clusters of galaxies are largely "in place" by $z \sim 1$, an epoch when the Universe was less than half its present age. High resolution images show that elliptical, S0, and…

Cluster ellipticals are often thought to be among the oldest galaxies in the universe, with the bulk of their stellar mass formed at early cosmic epochs. I review recent observations of color evolution in early-type cluster galaxies at high…

We present a study of the color evolution of elliptical and S0 galaxies in six clusters of galaxies inside the redshift range 0.78 < z < 1.27. For each cluster, we used imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope to determine morphological…

We have witnessed a dramatic increase over the last five years in results on distant galaxies, in large part because of the high resolution imaging capability of HST, and the multiobject spectroscopic capability of the Keck telescopes. Our…

The current formation models for cluster elliptical galaxies which incorporate a mechanism for the metallicity enhancement of massive ellipticals predict a change in the observed slope of the red sequence of ellipticals as a function of…

Two-dimensional surface photometry derived from Hubble Space Telescope imaging is presented for a sample of 225 early-type galaxies (assumed to be cluster members) in the fields of 9 clusters at redshifts $0.17 < z < 1.21$. The 94 luminous…

The abundance of elliptical, S0 and spiral galaxies in clusters is presented as a function of redshift comparing the results of the HST distant cluster studies with new data at z~0.2 and with the standard local comparison samples. This…

The slow evolution of the M/L ratios, colors, and line strengths of cluster early-type galaxies to z=1 suggests that their stars were formed at very high redshift. At the same time, morphological studies of distant clusters indicate…

We present results from an optical-IR photometric study of early-type galaxies in 19 galaxy clusters out to z=0.9. The galaxy sample is selected on the basis of morphologies determined from HST WFPC2 images, and is photometrically defined…

I review the current status of understanding when, how long, and how giant elliptical galaxies formed, focusing on the globular clusters. Several observational evidences show that massive elliptical galaxies formed at $z>2$ ($>10$ Gyr ago).…

Star formation in elliptical galaxies (Es) was and is mostly dominated by mergers and accretions with many suggestive examples seen among local galaxies. Present day star formation in Es is easily measurable in two thirds of Es and appears…

We review the observational evidence showing that luminous cluster elliptical galaxies are old stellar systems, undergoing mostly passive stellar evolution up to redshift $z\approx 1$, with approximate coeval epoch of formation. This…

Using deep two-band imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope, we measure the color-magnitude relations (CMR) of E/S0 galaxies in a set of 9 optically-selected clusters principally from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey (RCS) at 0.9 < z < 1.23.…

The current evidence about the age of stellar populations in elliptical galaxies is reviewed. The case for the bulk of stars in galactic spheroids (ellipticals and bulges) having formed at high redshift (z>~3) is now compelling, both for…

Major progress has been achieved in recent years in mapping the properties of passively-evolving, early-type galaxies (ETG) from the local universe all the way to redshift ~2. Here, age and metallicity estimates for local cluster and field…

The importance of studying old elliptical galaxies at redshift z ~ 1.5 is reviewed, considering both what can be learned by extending studies of the evolution of cluster galaxy scaling relations to earlier cosmic epochs, and the age-dating…

The ``MORPHS'' group has completed the cataloging, parameterization, and morphological classification of ~2000 galaxies in 10 rich clusters from 0.36 < z < 0.56. From a weak lensing analysis using these data, which compares the X-ray…

We present a thorough quantitative analysis of the evolution of the colour-magnitude relation for early-type galaxies in 17 distant clusters with redshifts 0.31 < z < 1.27 using the Kodama & Arimoto (1997) evolutionary model for elliptical…

High redshift (z >~ 1) clusters are ideal probes to study the formation and evolution of large scale structures and galaxies in the universe. A 10-m class ground based telescope, X-ray observatories (Chandra, XMM-Newton) and HST/ACS are…

A substantial population of high redshift early-type galaxies is detected in very deep UBVRIJHK images towards the HDF-South. Four elliptical profile galaxies are identified in the redshift range z=1-2, all with very red SEDs, implying ages…