相关论文: New Problems for a New Century

The global climate crisis poses new risks to humanity, and with them, new challenges to the practices of professional astronomy. Avoiding the more catastrophic consequences of global warming by more than 1.5 degrees requires an immediate…

We briefly review X-ray studies of ionized AGN outflows and high-redshift AGN. We discuss recent progress with Chandra and XMM-Newton as well as prospects and requirements for future X-ray missions.

This talk reviews the scientific motivations, the potential difficulty and recent advances in cosmology using cluster number-counts in the X-ray band. Our forward modelling approach shows that many of the practical and conceptual…

Over the next decade, we can expect time domain astronomy to flourish at optical and radio wavelengths. In parallel with these efforts, a dedicated transient "machine" operating at higher energies (X-ray band through soft gamma-rays) is…

Much of the progress in Astronomy has been driven by instrumental developments, from the first telescopes to fiber fed spectrographs. In this review we describe the field of astrophotonics, a combination of photonics and astronomical…

This paper is a commentary on presentations at ISVHECRI 2016 related to cosmic rays, gamma rays and neutrinos. Its goal is to highlight the unanswered questions raised during the conference about the sources of these cosmic particles and…

In the ROSAT era of the mid-1990's, the problems facing deep X-ray surveys could be largely solved with 10 m class telescopes. In the first decade of this new millennium, with X-ray telescopes such as the Chandra X-ray Observatory and…

In this review talk I discuss the important issues of AGN research and how the new generation of X-ray observatories can help to constrain the physics of AGN. I also present a biased list of the new XMM-Newton and Chandra discoveries and…

Star-forming regions have been the targets of X-ray observations since the dawn of satellite X-ray astronomy. The increase in sensitivity and/or spatial resolution offered by XMM-Newton and Chandra allows a dramatic improvement, both…

The last decade has been dense with new developments in the search for the sources of Galactic cosmic rays. Some of these developments have confirmed the tight connection between cosmic rays and supernovae in our Galaxy, through the…

Knowing the distance of an astrophysical object is key to understanding it. However, at present, comparisons of theory and observations are hampered by precision (or lack thereof) in distance measurements or estimates. Putting the many…

The NASA program in X-ray astronomy has two long term goals: 1) to achieve sufficient angular resolution to image the event horizon of a black hole (0.1 micro arc sec) and 2) to achieve sufficient collecting area (50-150 sq m) and angular…

The last two decades have seen the number of known exoplanets increase from a small handful to nearly 2000 known exoplanets, thousands more planet candidates, and several upcoming missions that are expected to further increase the…

Modern X-ray observatories yield unique insight into the astrophysical time domain. Each X-ray photon can be assigned an arrival time, an energy and a sky position, yielding sensitive, energy-dependent light curves and enabling…

Over the past decade, neutrino astronomy has emerged as a new window into the extreme and hidden universe. Current-generation experiments have detected high-energy neutrinos of astrophysical origin and identified the first sources, opening…

This brief review is based on a lecture given by one of the authors at the international youth conference AYSS-2023. It is devoted to multimessenger astronomy, which studies astrophysical objects and phenomena using various particles and…

The physics results of high energy gamma-ray astronomy are reported, emphasizing recent achievements with ground-based detectors. This includes some of the instrumental developments and latest projects. The fundamental contribution of the…

In this paper we discuss various possibilities of using X-ray observations to gain information about the large-scale structure of the Universe. After reviewing briefly the current status of these investigations we explore different ways of…

We give a brief overview of where we stand with respect to some old and new questions bearing on how massive stars evolve and end their lifetime. We focus on the following key points that are further discussed by other contributions during…

This talk tries to summarise where we are now, in the "nature and nurture" questions in galaxy formation and evolution, and briefly describe unsolved problems, and perspectives of progress.