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Diffusion models are state-of-the-art generative models, yet their samples often fail to satisfy application objectives such as safety constraints or domain-specific validity. Existing techniques for alignment require gradients, internal…

In text-to-image (T2I) generation applications, negative embeddings have proven to be a simple yet effective approach for enhancing generation quality. Typically, these negative embeddings are derived from user-defined negative prompts,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-24 Xiaomin Li , Yixuan Liu , Takashi Isobe , Xu Jia , Qinpeng Cui , Dong Zhou , Dong Li , You He , Huchuan Lu , Zhongdao Wang , Emad Barsoum

Denoising diffusion models have been a mainstream approach for image generation, however, training these models often suffers from slow convergence. In this paper, we discovered that the slow convergence is partly due to conflicting…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-03-12 Tiankai Hang , Shuyang Gu , Chen Li , Jianmin Bao , Dong Chen , Han Hu , Xin Geng , Baining Guo

This tutorial provides a comprehensive survey of methods for fine-tuning diffusion models to optimize downstream reward functions. While diffusion models are widely known to provide excellent generative modeling capability, practical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-19 Masatoshi Uehara , Yulai Zhao , Tommaso Biancalani , Sergey Levine

Personalizing text-to-image diffusion models is crucial for adapting the pre-trained models to specific target concepts, enabling diverse image generation. However, fine-tuning with few images introduces an inherent trade-off between…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-08-04 Sunghyun Park , Seokeon Choi , Hyoungwoo Park , Sungrack Yun

Large-scale text-to-image generative models have shown remarkable ability to synthesize diverse and high-quality images. However, it is still challenging to directly apply these models for editing real images for two reasons. First, it is…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-08-19 Syed Muhmmad Israr , Feng Zhao

Controlled text generation tasks such as unsupervised text style transfer have increasingly adopted the use of Reinforcement Learning (RL). A major challenge in applying RL to such tasks is the sparse reward, which is available only after…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-04-19 Bhargav Upadhyay , Akhilesh Sudhakar , Arjun Maheswaran

Fine-grained text to image synthesis involves generating images from texts that belong to different categories. In contrast to general text to image synthesis, in fine-grained synthesis there is high similarity between images of different…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-12-17 Xu Ouyang , Ying Chen , Kaiyue Zhu , Gady Agam

Current mainstream methods of aligning diffusion models with human preferences typically employ VLM-based reward models. However, these reward models, pre-trained for semantic alignment, struggle to capture the essential perceptual…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Jaxon Zhang , Binxin Yang , Hubery Yin , Chen Li , Jing Lyu

Restoring low-resolution text images presents a significant challenge, as it requires maintaining both the fidelity and stylistic realism of the text in restored images. Existing text image restoration methods often fall short in hard…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Chenglu Pan , Xiaogang Xu , Ganggui Ding , Yunke Zhang , Wenbo Li , Jiarong Xu , Qingbiao Wu

Diffusion models have shown great promise in text-guided image style transfer, but there is a trade-off between style transformation and content preservation due to their stochastic nature. Existing methods require computationally expensive…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-04-13 Serin Yang , Hyunmin Hwang , Jong Chul Ye

Recently, there have been significant improvements in the quality and performance of text-to-image generation, largely due to the impressive results attained by diffusion models. However, text-to-image diffusion models sometimes struggle to…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-03-06 Wonjun Kang , Kevin Galim , Hyung Il Koo , Nam Ik Cho

Recent advancements in text-to-image synthesis have been largely propelled by diffusion-based models, yet achieving precise alignment between text prompts and generated images remains a persistent challenge. We find that this difficulty…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Xiefan Guo , Xinzhu Ma , Haiyu Zhang , Di Huang

Text-to-image generative models, specifically those based on diffusion models like Imagen and Stable Diffusion, have made substantial advancements. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the delicate refinement of text prompts.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-04-08 Wenyi Mo , Tianyu Zhang , Yalong Bai , Bing Su , Ji-Rong Wen , Qing Yang

Current visual text generation models struggle with the trade-off between text accuracy and overall image coherence. We find that achieving high text accuracy can reduce aesthetic quality and instruction-following capability. Although…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Yaohou Fan , Qingzhong Wang , Yongsong Huang , Junyi Liu , Tomo Miyazaki , Shinichiro Omachi

Text-to-image diffusion model alignment is critical for improving the alignment between the generated images and human preferences. While training-based methods are constrained by high computational costs and dataset requirements,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-03-26 Xin Xie , Dong Gong

Text-to-image generative models often struggle with long prompts detailing complex scenes, diverse objects with distinct visual characteristics and spatial relationships. In this work, we propose SCoPE (Scheduled interpolation of…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-02 Ketan Suhaas Saichandran , Xavier Thomas , Prakhar Kaushik , Deepti Ghadiyaram

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is an important paradigm for aligning Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) toward functional correctness in code generation. However, these models often encounter a ``capability cliff'' on complex tasks, where…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Shuyin Ouyang , Zhaozhi Qian , Faroq AL-Tam , Muhammad AL-Qurishi , Jie M. Zhang

Diffusion language models are a promising alternative to autoregressive models, yet post-training methods for them largely adapt reward-maximizing objectives. We identify a central failure mode in this setting we call trajectory locking:…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-15 Saba Ahmadi , Prasanna Parthasarathi , Yufei Cui

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a central paradigm for advancing Large Language Models (LLMs), where pre-training and RL post-training share the same log-likelihood formulation. In contrast, recent RL approaches for diffusion…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Shuchen Xue , Chongjian Ge , Shilong Zhang , Yichen Li , Zhi-Ming Ma