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The cosmic "Dark Ages" is the period between the last scattering of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and the appearance of the first luminous sources, spanning redshifts $1100\gtrsim z\gtrsim 30$. The only way to observe this period is…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2025-04-15 Willow Smith , Jonathan C. Pober

An array of low-frequency dipole antennas on the lunar farside surface will probe a unique, unexplored epoch in the early Universe called the Dark Ages. It begins at Recombination when neutral hydrogen atoms formed, first revealed by the…

Neutral hydrogen pervades the infant Universe, and its redshifted 21-cm signal allows one to chart the Universe. This signal allows one to probe astrophysical processes such as the formation of the first stars, galaxies, (super)massive…

The measurement of the spatial fluctuations of the neutral hydrogen 21 cm signal arising during the Dark Ages and Cosmic Dawn periods of our Universe (z from 200 to 10) holds the potential to resolve these still-unexplored earliest phases…

One of the last unexplored windows to the cosmos, the Dark Ages and Cosmic Dawn, can be opened using a simple low frequency radio telescope from the stable, quiet lunar farside to measure the Global 21-cm spectrum. This frontier remains an…

The Dark Ages (DA) provides a crucial window into the physics of the infant Universe, with the 21-cm signal offering the only direct probe for mapping out the three-dimensional distribution of matter at this epoch. To measure this…

At redshifts beyond $z \gtrsim 30$, the 21cm line from neutral hydrogen is expected to be essentially the only viable probe of the 3D matter distribution. The lunar far-side is an extremely appealing site for future radio arrays that target…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2024-03-26 Philip Bull , Caroline Guandalin , Chris Addis

Hydrogen 21-cm Line Intensity Mapping offers the unique opportunity to access the Dark Ages and trace the formation and evolution of the large scale structure of the Universe prior to star and galaxy formation. In this work we investigate…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2025-09-22 Elena Vanetti , Eleonora Vanzan , Nicola Bellomo , Alvise Raccanelli

Measurements of 21cm intensity mapping (IM) during the dark ages can potentially provide us with an unprecedented window on high redshifts and small scales. One of the main advantages this can bring involves the possibility to probe the…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2024-03-06 Eleonora Vanzan , Alvise Raccanelli , Nicola Bartolo

The hydrogen 21-cm signal is predicted to be the richest probe of the young Universe including eras known as the cosmic Dark Ages, the Cosmic Dawn when the first star and black hole formed, and the Epoch of Reionization. This signal holds…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2024-08-01 Anastasia Fialkov , Thomas Gessey-Jones , Jiten Dhandha

Low-frequency radio astronomy is limited by severe ionospheric distortions below 50 MHz and complete reflection of radio waves below 10-30 MHz. Shielding of man-made interference from long-range radio broadcasts, strong natural radio…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2009-03-09 Sebastian Jester , Heino Falcke

The farside of the Moon is a pristine, quiet platform to conduct low radio frequency observations of the early Universe's Dark Ages, as well as space weather and magnetospheres associated with habitable exoplanets. In this paper, the…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2021-03-03 Jack O. Burns

We analyze the formation of the signal in the 21 cm hydrogen line of the Dark Ages ($30\le z\le300$) in different cosmological models and discuss the possibility of its detection by decameter-wavelength radio telescopes. To study the…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2024-03-01 Bohdan Novosyadlyj , Yurii Kulinich , Olexandr Konovalenko

The primordial power spectrum of curvature perturbations has been well-measured on large scales but remains fairly unconstrained at smaller scales, where significant deviations from $\Lambda$CDM may occur. Measurements of 21-cm intensity…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2025-03-14 Jessie de Kruijf , Eleonora Vanzan , Kimberly K. Boddy , Alvise Raccanelli , Nicola Bartolo

The 21 cm signal from neutral hydrogen atom is almost the only way to directly probe the Dark Ages. The Dark Ages 21 cm signal, observed at frequencies below 50 MHz, can serve as a powerful probe of cosmology, as the standard cosmological…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2026-02-03 Shintaro Yoshiura , Fumiya Okamatsu , Tomo Takahashi

The Dark Ages, probed by the redshifted 21-cm signal, is the ideal epoch for a new rigorous test of the standard LCDM cosmological model. Divergences from that model would indicate new physics, such as dark matter decay (heating) or…

We study the constraints on primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) in light of the global 21-cm signal observed during the dark ages. Primordial magnetic fields can heat the intergalactic medium (IGM) via magnetohydrodynamic effects. We…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2024-12-03 Vivekanand Mohapatra , Pravin Kumar Natwariya , Alekha C. Nayak

Studies of the cosmic dark ages ($30 \lesssim z \lesssim 150$) using the highly redshifted 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen offer unparalleled amounts of cosmological information, and recent years have seen the refinement of concepts for such…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2025-08-01 Jonathan C. Pober , Willow Smith

FarView is a proposed low frequency radio interferometer for deployment on the lunar far side, enabled by the Moon's radio quiet environment. Operating over 1-50 MHz inaccessible from Earth, FarView will open a new observational window and…

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